Therapy Approaches Flashcards
Freud’s defense mechanisms share which two characteristics?
They operate on an unconscious level and they serve to deny or distort reality.
Four processes of psychoanalytic therapy
Clarification: restating a client’s remarks in clearer terms
Confrontation: making statements or asking questions that help the client see their behavior in a new way
Interpretation: explicitly connecting current behavior to unconscious processes; used to bring a client’s unconscious material into conscious awareness
Working through: preceded by catharsis and insight; involves an assimilation of new insights into the personality so that maladaptive patterns are replaced by new, more adaptive ones
According to some psychodynamic theorists, __________ can be viewed as a phenomenon that provides a therapist with opportunities to understand the message behind a client’s overt behavior.
countertransference
(Jung) the ______ unconscious is the repository of latent memory traces that have been passed down from one generation to the next, while the _____ unconscious consists of personal experiences that are not currently available to conscious awareness
collective; personal
(Jung) “primordial images” that cause people to experience and understand certain phenomena in a universal way; manifested in all cultures
archetypes
(Jung) Mid and late adulthood involve increasing _____, which refers to an integration of the conscious and unconscious aspects of the psyche that leads to the development of a unique identity where ego is focused on self, development of wisdom, and spiritual/philosophical issues
individuation
Jung - 2 primary goals of therapy
to bridge the gap between the conscious and the personal/collective unconscious and achieve a state of balance/wholeness
What are the two assumptions of objects relations theory?
People have an innate need for satisfying relationships with objects (other people)
Personality and behavior are largely determined by early internalized representations of the self and objects (introjects)
What is the goal of object relations therapy?
bring maladaptive unconscious relationship dynamics into consciousness so that dysfunctional internalized object representations can be replaced with more appropriate ones
Mahler’s version of object relations theory focuses on the processes by which an infant assumes his/her own physical and psychological identity, and her model of early development involves several phases. The development of object relations occurs during the _________ phase, which begins at ______ months of age. Adult psychopathology can be traced back to problems occurring during this stage.
separation-individuation; 4-5 months
Three key concepts of Adler’s individual psychology
Feelings of inferiority: develop during childhood as a result of real or perceived biological, psychological, or social weaknesses
Striving for superiority: an inherent tendency toward “perfect completion”
Style of life: the specific ways a person chooses to compensate for inferiority and achieve superiority; affected by early experiences (especially with family); unifies the various aspects of personality; fairly well established by 4-5 years
Adler distinguishes between a ____ style of life, marked by optimistic goals, confidence, and concern for the welfare of others, and a ____ style of life, characterized by goals reflecting self-centeredness, competitiveness, or striving for personal power
healthy; mistaken
Adler used a _____ approach and believed behavior is motivated by ____ rather than past events
teleological; future goals
Roger’s person-centered therapy is based on the assumption that people possess an inherent ability for growth and _______.
self-actualization
Roger’s person-centered therapy views maladaptive behavior as incongruence between ____ and ______.
self; experience
Three facilitative conditions of person-centered therapy
empathy, genuineness, unconditional positive regard
Gestalt therapy views ___ as the primary curative factor
awareness
Gestalt therapy defines neurosis as a _____ disorder that is often attributable to a _______
growth; boundary disturbance
Gestalt therapists see maladaptive behavior as the abandonment of the ____ for the ____, which results in a lack of integration
self, self-image
(Gestalt) the ____ is the creative aspect of the personality that promotes the individual’s inherent tendency for self-actualization, or the ability to live as a fully integrated person. The ___ is the “darker side” of personality that hinders growth and self-actualization by imposing external standards
self, self-image
