Diverse Populations

Question 1

Three components of Sue & Sue’s cultural competence

Answer 1

Awareness: the therapist’s understanding of how their own cultural values and biases affect the therapeutic process

Knowledge: the therapist’s familiarity with the history, experiences, and worldviews of members of different cultures

Skill: the therapist’s ability to identify and effectively use modalities and strategies that are appropriate for a client’s cultural background

Question 2

Worldview (Sue) is affected by cultural background and is determined by what two factors?

Answer 2

locus of control and locus of responsibility

Question 3

________ counselors interpret everyone’s reality through their own cultural assumptions and stereotypes and disregard cultural differences and their own cultural biases.

Answer 3

Culturally encapsulated

Question 4

What is Boyd-Franklin’s multisystems model?

Answer 4

Boyd-Franklin’s multisystems model is an ecostructural approach for African American families that addresses multiple systems, intervenes at multiple levels, and empowers the family by utilizing its strengths. Systems that may be incorporated into treatment include the extended family and nonblood kin, the church and other community resources, and social service agencies.

Question 5

An ____ orientation is culture-specific and involves understanding culture from the perspective of members of that culture. An ____ orientation is culture-general and assumes that universal principles can be applied to all cultures

Answer 5

emic; etic

Question 6

What is network therapy?

Answer 6

Network therapy has been identified as an effective intervention for American Indian clients and is often used as a treatment for alcohol and drug abuse. It is a multimodal treatment that incorporates family and community members into the treatment process and situates an individual’s problems within the context of his/her family, workplace, community, and other social systems.

Question 7

refers to the behavioral and psychological changes that occur as a result of contact between a person and people from a different cultural group (Berry)

Answer 7

acculturation

Question 8

(Berry, acculturation): someone in the ____ category identifies with both the majority culture and their own minority culture

Answer 8

integrated

Question 9

(Berry, acculturation): someone in the ___ category identifies with the majority culture but rejects their own minority culture

Answer 9

assimilated

Question 10

(Berry, acculturation): someone in the ____ category rejects the majority culture and identifies with their own minority culture

Answer 10

separate

Question 11

(Berry, acculturation): someone in the ____ category rejects both the majority culture and their own minority culture

Answer 11

marginalized

Question 12

(Atkinson, Morten, & Sue, Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model): first stage that reflects positive attitudes for the dominant group

Answer 12

conformity

Question 13

(Atkinson, Morten, & Sue, Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model): second stage that involves questioning of race-related attitudes, and confusion/conflict over contradictory attitudes

Answer 13

dissonance

Question 14

(Atkinson, Morten, & Sue, Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model): third stage that involves active rejection of the dominant group

Answer 14

resistance and immersion

Question 15

(Atkinson, Morten, & Sue, Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model): fourth stage that involves uncertainty about the rigidity of Stage 3 beliefs

Answer 15

introspection

Question 16

(Atkinson, Morten, & Sue, Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model): fifth stage that involves the adoption of a multicultural perspective

Answer 16

integrative awareness

Question 17

(Ridley) A client is exhibiting ____ paranoia (which is a healthy reaction to racism) when he/she does not disclose to a white therapist due to a fear of being hurt or misunderstood

Answer 17

cultural

Question 18

(Ridley) A client is exhibiting ____ paranoia (which is due to pathology) when he/she is unwilling to disclose to any therapist, regardless of race or ethnicity, as a result of mistrust and suspicion.

Answer 18

functional

Question 19

(Troiden’s Homosexual Identity Development Model): first stage involving noticing differences from peers

Answer 19

sensitization/feeling different

Question 20

(Troiden’s Homosexual Identity Development Model): second stage involving attributing same-sex attraction to sexuality, may cause distressSelf-recognition/identity confusion

Answer 20

Self-recognition/identity confusion

Question 21

(Troiden’s Homosexual Identity Development Model): third stage involving becoming more certain of their sexuality and may deal with this realization in a variety of ways (e.g., trying to pass as heterosexual, aligning with the LGBTQ community, acting in ways consistent with stereotypes)

Answer 21

identity assumption

Question 22

(Troiden’s Homosexual Identity Development Model): fourth stage involving adopting a homosexual way of life and publicly disclosing their homosexuality

Answer 22

commitment/identity commitment

Question 23

_____ communiciation relies on shared cultural understanding and nonverbal cues and is unifying and slow to change, while ____ communication relies primarily on the verbal message and can change rapidly and easily.

Answer 23

high-context; low-context

Question 24

_____ refers to “the shared knowledge of society’s negative regard for any nonheterosexual behavior, identity, relationship, or community” (Herek)

Answer 24

sexual stigma

Question 25

____ refers to cultural ideologies, which are “systems that provide the rationale and operating instructions” that promote and perpetrate antipathy, hostility, and violence against homosexuals (Herek)

Answer 25

heterosexism

Question 26

____ refers to negative attitudes that are based on sexual orientation, whether the target is homosexual, bisexual, or heterosexual (Herek)

Answer 26

sexual prejudice

Question 27

research on therapist-client matching

Answer 27

Research on therapist-client matching in terms of race, ethnicity, or culture has produced inconsistent results. However, matching may reduce premature termination for members of some groups (e.g., Asian and Hispanic/Latino). Some research suggests that other factors (e.g., similarity in values and worldview) are more important than similarity in terms of race, ethnicity, or culture.

Question 28

Cross’s Black Racial Identity Development: first stage in which racism has low salience, views dominant group as the ideal and Black culture negatively

Answer 28

pre-encounter

Question 29

Cross’s Black Racial Identity Development: second stage in which the individual is more aware of racism and interested in developing a Black identity, with exposure to 1+ race-related events

Answer 29

encounter

Question 30

Cross’s Black Racial Identity Development: third stage in which race salience continues to increase, and the person becomes more immersed in Black culture and denigrate White culture

Answer 30

immersion-emersion

Question 31

Cross’s Black Racial Identity Development: fourth stage in which the person has adopted a pro-Black identity, a non-racist orientation, or a multicultural orientation

Answer 31

internalization

Question 32

According to Helms, racism is a central part of being White in America, and her White Racial Identity Development Model proposes that identity development involves two phases:

Answer 32

abandoning racism, developing a non-racist white identity

Question 33

(Helms) a _____ interaction occurs when the therapist and client have the same or similar levels of racial/cultural identity

Answer 33

parallel

Question 34

(Helms) in a _____ interaction, the therapist is at least one stage more advanced than the client; this is the most effective for therapy

Answer 34

progressive

Question 35

(Helms) in a ____ interaction, the client is at least one stage more advanced than the therapist; associated with conflict and premature termination

Answer 35

regressive

Question 36

(Helms) in a ____ interaction, the client and therapist represent opposite attitudes towards race; tend to be highly confrontational and contentious

Answer 36

crossed