Diverse Populations Flashcards
Three components of Sue & Sue’s cultural competence
Awareness: the therapist’s understanding of how their own cultural values and biases affect the therapeutic process
Knowledge: the therapist’s familiarity with the history, experiences, and worldviews of members of different cultures
Skill: the therapist’s ability to identify and effectively use modalities and strategies that are appropriate for a client’s cultural background
Worldview (Sue) is affected by cultural background and is determined by what two factors?
locus of control and locus of responsibility
________ counselors interpret everyone’s reality through their own cultural assumptions and stereotypes and disregard cultural differences and their own cultural biases.
Culturally encapsulated
What is Boyd-Franklin’s multisystems model?
Boyd-Franklin’s multisystems model is an ecostructural approach for African American families that addresses multiple systems, intervenes at multiple levels, and empowers the family by utilizing its strengths. Systems that may be incorporated into treatment include the extended family and nonblood kin, the church and other community resources, and social service agencies.
An ____ orientation is culture-specific and involves understanding culture from the perspective of members of that culture. An ____ orientation is culture-general and assumes that universal principles can be applied to all cultures
emic; etic
What is network therapy?
Network therapy has been identified as an effective intervention for American Indian clients and is often used as a treatment for alcohol and drug abuse. It is a multimodal treatment that incorporates family and community members into the treatment process and situates an individual’s problems within the context of his/her family, workplace, community, and other social systems.
refers to the behavioral and psychological changes that occur as a result of contact between a person and people from a different cultural group (Berry)
acculturation
(Berry, acculturation): someone in the ____ category identifies with both the majority culture and their own minority culture
integrated
(Berry, acculturation): someone in the ___ category identifies with the majority culture but rejects their own minority culture
assimilated
(Berry, acculturation): someone in the ____ category rejects the majority culture and identifies with their own minority culture
separate
(Berry, acculturation): someone in the ____ category rejects both the majority culture and their own minority culture
marginalized
(Atkinson, Morten, & Sue, Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model): first stage that reflects positive attitudes for the dominant group
conformity
(Atkinson, Morten, & Sue, Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model): second stage that involves questioning of race-related attitudes, and confusion/conflict over contradictory attitudes
dissonance
(Atkinson, Morten, & Sue, Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model): third stage that involves active rejection of the dominant group
resistance and immersion
(Atkinson, Morten, & Sue, Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model): fourth stage that involves uncertainty about the rigidity of Stage 3 beliefs
introspection
(Atkinson, Morten, & Sue, Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model): fifth stage that involves the adoption of a multicultural perspective
integrative awareness
(Ridley) A client is exhibiting ____ paranoia (which is a healthy reaction to racism) when he/she does not disclose to a white therapist due to a fear of being hurt or misunderstood
cultural
(Ridley) A client is exhibiting ____ paranoia (which is due to pathology) when he/she is unwilling to disclose to any therapist, regardless of race or ethnicity, as a result of mistrust and suspicion.
functional
(Troiden’s Homosexual Identity Development Model): first stage involving noticing differences from peers
sensitization/feeling different
(Troiden’s Homosexual Identity Development Model): second stage involving attributing same-sex attraction to sexuality, may cause distressSelf-recognition/identity confusion
Self-recognition/identity confusion
(Troiden’s Homosexual Identity Development Model): third stage involving becoming more certain of their sexuality and may deal with this realization in a variety of ways (e.g., trying to pass as heterosexual, aligning with the LGBTQ community, acting in ways consistent with stereotypes)
identity assumption
(Troiden’s Homosexual Identity Development Model): fourth stage involving adopting a homosexual way of life and publicly disclosing their homosexuality
commitment/identity commitment
_____ communiciation relies on shared cultural understanding and nonverbal cues and is unifying and slow to change, while ____ communication relies primarily on the verbal message and can change rapidly and easily.
high-context; low-context
_____ refers to “the shared knowledge of society’s negative regard for any nonheterosexual behavior, identity, relationship, or community” (Herek)
sexual stigma
____ refers to cultural ideologies, which are “systems that provide the rationale and operating instructions” that promote and perpetrate antipathy, hostility, and violence against homosexuals (Herek)
heterosexism
____ refers to negative attitudes that are based on sexual orientation, whether the target is homosexual, bisexual, or heterosexual (Herek)
sexual prejudice
research on therapist-client matching
Research on therapist-client matching in terms of race, ethnicity, or culture has produced inconsistent results. However, matching may reduce premature termination for members of some groups (e.g., Asian and Hispanic/Latino). Some research suggests that other factors (e.g., similarity in values and worldview) are more important than similarity in terms of race, ethnicity, or culture.
Cross’s Black Racial Identity Development: first stage in which racism has low salience, views dominant group as the ideal and Black culture negatively
pre-encounter
Cross’s Black Racial Identity Development: second stage in which the individual is more aware of racism and interested in developing a Black identity, with exposure to 1+ race-related events
encounter
Cross’s Black Racial Identity Development: third stage in which race salience continues to increase, and the person becomes more immersed in Black culture and denigrate White culture
immersion-emersion
Cross’s Black Racial Identity Development: fourth stage in which the person has adopted a pro-Black identity, a non-racist orientation, or a multicultural orientation
internalization
According to Helms, racism is a central part of being White in America, and her White Racial Identity Development Model proposes that identity development involves two phases:
abandoning racism, developing a non-racist white identity
(Helms) a _____ interaction occurs when the therapist and client have the same or similar levels of racial/cultural identity
parallel
(Helms) in a _____ interaction, the therapist is at least one stage more advanced than the client; this is the most effective for therapy
progressive
(Helms) in a ____ interaction, the client is at least one stage more advanced than the therapist; associated with conflict and premature termination
regressive
(Helms) in a ____ interaction, the client and therapist represent opposite attitudes towards race; tend to be highly confrontational and contentious
crossed