Therapy Approaches

Question 1

Treatment Continuum

Answer 1

Establishment
Facilitation
Generalization
Maintenance

Question 2

designed to focus on the motor skills involved in producing target sounds

Answer 2

Motor Based Treatment Approaches

Question 3

What does motor based treatment approaches focus on?

Answer 3

focuses on the placement and movement of the articulators in combination with auditory stimulation (ear training and focused auditory stimulation)

Question 4

feedback about what specifically he or she is doing correctly or incorrectly

Answer 4

Knowledge of performance

Question 5

feedback on whether the target is produced correctly or incorrectly

Answer 5

Knowledge of results

Question 6

If the performance is< 50%

Answer 6

We provide an easier task

Question 7

If the performance is 51-80%

Answer 7

We keep the same task

Question 8

If the performance is >80% correct

Answer 8

We make the task harder

Question 9

Teaching Sounds/Establishment

Answer 9

Ear and Production training

Question 10

Beyond Individual Sounds (Correcting
Speech Sound Errors)

Answer 10

Traditional approach and context utilization approach

Question 11

For children who do not have specific sounds in their repertoire and are not stimulable

Answer 11

TEaching sound establishment

Question 12

Perceptual ear training activities

Answer 12

Minimal pair contrast
Auditory stimulation/Bombardment
Traditional discrimination training

Question 13

It is based on the assumption that certain perceptual distinctions are prerequisites for producing a speech sound

Answer 13

Perceptual training

Question 14

Methodology for traditional ear training (van riper)

Answer 14

1. Identification
2. Isolation
3. Stimulation
4. Discrimination

Question 15

an alternative to the classic perceptual training

Answer 15

Perceptual training software

Question 16

should be used together with
speech production training
○ It involves a presentation of up to 20 words containing the target sound or sound pattern at the beginning and end of each treatment session

Answer 16

Amplified auditory stimulation

Question 17

What is the goal of production training

Answer 17

elicit a target sound from a client and stabilize it at a voluntary level

Question 18

T or F in production training, Begin at the highest level when production is correct

Answer 18

TRUE

Question 19

Four Methods to Establish the Production of a Target Sound

Answer 19

1. Imitation
2. Phonetic placement
3. Successive shaping approximation
4. Context utilization

Question 20

Clinician presents several
auditory models of the desired behavior

Answer 20

Imitation

Question 21

In imitation we instruct the client to…

Answer 21

Instructs the client to watch his or her mouth and listen to the sound that is being said, and then ask the client to repeat the target behavior

Question 22

involves explanations and
descriptions of idealized phoneme productions

Answer 22

Phonetic placement

Question 23

the phonetic placement techniques suggested by Scripture & Jackson (1927):

Answer 23

■ mirror work
■ drawing designed to
show the position of the articulators (lip and tongue) in response to sounds

Question 24

involves shaping a new sound
from one that is already in a client’s repertoire or even a behavior the client can perform.

Answer 24

Successive approximation

Question 25

T or F in successive shaping, first step is to identify an initial response that the client can produce that is related to the terminal goal.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

involves isolating a target sound from a particular phonetic context in which a client may happen to produce a sound correctly, even though he or she typically produces the sound in error

Answer 26

Context utilization

Question 27

(1) sensory-perceptual training, which concentrates on identifying the standard sound and discriminating it from its error through scanning and comparing; (2) varying and correcting the various productions of the sound until it is produced correctly; (3) strengthening and stabilizing the correct production; and finally (4) transferring the new speech skill to everyday communication situations.

Answer 27

Traditional Approach

Question 28

Instructional Steps for Traditional Production Training

Answer 28

○ Isolation ○ Nonsense syllables ○ Words ○ Phrases ○ Sentences

Question 29

The practice progresses through four levels of complexity:

Answer 29

○ nonsymbolic units or nonsense syllables ○ words and word-pairs ○ rehearsal sentences ○ Narratives

Question 30

for children with severe but inconsistent speech sound productions

Answer 30

Core vocabulary approach

Question 31

● Select 50 words that are “functionally powerful” ● Each week, 10 of the functional 50 wordsare selected for treatment. ● At the end of the twice-weekly sessions, the child is asked to produce the entire set of words three times.

Answer 31

Core vocabulary approach

Question 32

Using natural phonological tendencies of the language

Answer 32

1. Phonotactic Therapy

Question 33

Commonly used for syllable structure processes

Answer 33

Phonotactic Therapy

Question 34

Final Consonant Deletion - phonotactic therapy process

Answer 34

Credit any final consonant that the patient can actually do Focus on sounds already in the child’s inventory Select favored final consonants Make sure that in choosing words, the consonants should be after short lax vowels -

Question 35

Initial Consonant Deletion - metaphon therapy

Answer 35

Reinforce any initial consonants in CV Acknowledge all the consonants a child is able to do Try using VC sequences to facilitate CV syllable shapes with words

Question 36

Reduplication - metaphon therapy

Answer 36

○ Change the vowel of the other syllable to /i/ ○ Two different syllables in a CVCV sequence.

Question 37

Monosyllables - metaphon therapy

Answer 37

use common vocabulary and repeat the words in strings such as up-up-up or bye-bye-bye

Question 38

Weak syllable deletion - metaphon steps

Answer 38

○ Do not put an unstressed word immediately before an iambic word ○ We can use trochaic sequences

Question 39

Increase phonotactic therapy

Answer 39

○ We can use thoracic sequences (strong weak strong weak)

Question 40

Consonant clusters target

Answer 40

○ Good target for: ○ 2yo: some SIWI, SFWF ○ 3:5: full clusters > 75%

Question 41

How to find marked clusters?

Answer 41

Sonority sequencing principle

Question 42

T or F Clusters with small sonority differences of 2, 3, and 4 are said to be better used because it promotose generalized changed in singleton and clusters

Answer 42

True

Question 43

use of pair of words that differ with only 1 phoneme

Answer 43

2. Minimal Therapy

Question 44

highlight feature contrast rather than accurate sound production

Answer 44

Minimal Pair Therapy

Question 45

HOW DO WE DO MINIMAL PAIR THERAPY?

Answer 45

1. DISCUSSION OF WORDS 2. DISCRIMINATION TESTING AND TRAINING (PERCEPTUAL TRAINING) 3. PRODUCTION TRAINING 4. CARRYOVER TRAINING

Question 46

Approach designed to teach metaphonological awareness.

Answer 46

3. Methapon Approach

Question 47

Phase 1 metaphon

Answer 47

● To capture the child’s interest in the phonology of the target language ● To alert the child to the properties of sound and their contrastive potential ● To show that contrast between sounds convey meaning ● To facilitate the child’s knowledge that these features can be manipulated to increase the likelihood of being understood.

Question 48

Metaphon phase 2

Answer 48

● Metaphonological tasks involving minimal pairs (phase 1) ● Homonymy confrontation - want the child to witness the repercussion of not producing the correct phoneme

Question 49

Final phase metaphon

Answer 49

you are going to use a pair of sentences and then judge whether it is correct or incorrect

Question 50

This type of approach is typically used on children who are highly unintelligible, frequently omit speech sounds, replace some sounds with other sounds, and don’t use many consonant sounds.

Answer 50

Cycles Approach

Question 51

treats phonological processes or sound and error patterns instead of individual sounds.

Answer 51

Cycles approach

Question 52

For with children with severe SSD

Answer 52

Cycles Approach

Question 53

Procedure of cycles approach

Answer 53

1. Review 2. Listening activity 3. Experiential-play activity 4. Mataphon activity 5. Probing 6. Listening activity 7. Home program

Question 54

For: this approach is for children with phonological disorders and showed difficulty in producing speech sounds.

Answer 54

Stimulability therapy

Question 55

Phases of stimulability therapy

Answer 55

Phase 1: stimulability probe Phase 2: character cards Phase 3: play based activity Phase 4: generalization probe

Question 56

- if first syllable of the word is produced incorrectly

Answer 56

Forward chaining

Question 57

if second/last syllable of the word is produced incorrectly

Answer 57

Backward chaining

Question 58

involves targeted interventions to help individuals produce these sounds with the appropriate aspiration

Answer 58

Aspiration