Theraputic Modalities Flashcards
What is an indication?
When a condition will benefit from a certain modality
What is a contraindication?
A condition that will adversely be effected if a particular modality will be used .
(???) What are the factors affecting energy transfer? Which one do we want to see at the level of tissue?
Refraction, absorption, transmission, we want absoption
The optimal angle for energy absorption is __________
90
What are the main effects of cryotherapy? (6)
Pain relief
Vasoconstriction
Increases absoprtion
Decreases muscle spasm
Decreases tissue 02 demand
Hunting response (the cycling of vasoconstriction and dilation - related to histamine)
What are some indications for the use of cryotherapy?
- acute or chronic pain
- acute or chronic muscle spasm
- ## acute inflammation or injury
What are some contraindications for the use of cryotherapy? (4)
- hypersensativity to cold, cold allergy
- raynauds disease (nerve disfunction causes brain to 100% restrict blood flow to the area)
- uncovered open wounds
-nerve palsy - leukemia (impaired circulatory systems)
What are some of the effects of thermotherapy?
- analgesic and sedative effects (relieved pain)
- increased circulation and hyperaemia
- increased cellular metabolism (more cells come to tissue)
- increased extensibility of connective tissues (collagen more flexible)
- decreased muscle spasm
Superficial heating elevates body temperature by _______
40-45C
What are some of the indications for thermotherapy? (6)
-increased pain
- increased acute and chronic inflammation
- increased muscle spasm and guarding
-decreased range of motion
- joint contractures and scar adhesions
- wound healing and infection
What are some contraindications of thermotherapy? (5)
- acute inflammation
- circulatory impairment (diabetes)
- sensory impairment
- malignancy (heat may increase blood flow to the tumor)
- impaired thermoregulation
What are some of the thermal effects of ultrasound? (5)
- extensability of collagen
- increased circulation to area
- increased velocity of sensory and motor neurons
- decreased muscle spasms
-decreased inflammation - decreased pain
What are some of the non-thermal effects of ultrasound?
- promotes protein synthesis
- increase cell membrane and vascular wall permeability (via production of cortisol)
- ## promoing tissue to heal in proper alignment
What are some of the CONTRAINDICATIONS of using ultrasound? (7)
- infection
- thrombophlebitis
- circulatory impairment
- sensory impairement
- malignancy
- over epiphyseal growth plates
- ## over a stress fracture
What is a TENS unit?
Carbon electrodes placed over painful sites on the skin
What are the main effects of using a tens unit? (1)
Pain relief via the production of endorphins
Main indication is increased pain
What are some contraindications of using a TENS? (4)
-PRESENCE of a pacemaker
- pregancy (do not use on abdominal or pelvic regions)
- pain of unknown origin
- may induce pregancy and labour
-
What is the modality of interferential current? (IFC)
Paired carbon electrodes making a pattern of interference that inhibits both motor and sensory neurons
What are some of the effects of using ICF unit? (5)
- decreased pain
- decreased acute and chronic swelling
- decreased muscle spasm
- increased circulation
- strengthen weakened muscles via contraction
-increased cellular activity
What are some of the indications for the use of ICF? (4 marks)
-increased pain
- increased acute and chronic swelling
- increased muscle spasm and guarding
- assists with chronic wound healing
What are some contraindications for the use of ICF?
- pacemaker
- abs or pelvis of pregnant bitches
- thrombophlebitis
- pain of unknown origin
What is electrical neuromuscular stimulation?
Electrical current stimulation of peripheral nerves which elicits a muscle contraction
What are some of the effects of electrical neuromuscular stimulations?
Decrease pain
Decreased inflammation
Decrease muscle spasm
Maintain muscles during periods of immobilization
Re educate muscles on how to move
Increased circulation to the tissue
Which form of electrical neuromuscular stimulation may be used to stimulate denervated muscles and enhance wound healing?
Direct current
What are some of the indications for the use of electrical neuromuscular stimulation?
-increased pain
- increased acute and chronic swelling
- increased muscle spasm and guarding (fatigues the muscle so it stops freaking out)
- periods of immobilization
- decreased range of motion and strength
- peripheral nerve injuries
What are some contraindications for the use of electrical neuromuscular stiumulation?
- presence of a pacemaker
- abs or pelvis of pregant women
- thrombophlebitis
- malignant tumours
- superficial skin lesions and abrasions
