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MSK - Soft Tissue Injuries > Knee Injuries > Flashcards

Knee Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

The knee joint is the articulation between the _________, __________ and ___________

A

Tibia, femur, and patella

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2
Q

The Q angle in males is _______ and in females it is _________

A

12, 22

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3
Q

Which collateral ligament attaches to its respective meniscus?

A

Medial collateral ligament

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4
Q

Knee has _____ bursa

A

16

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5
Q

What knee ligament is often sprained by an abnormal valgus force?

A

Medial collateral ligament

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6
Q

Medial collateral ligament sprains may also damage the _________, __________ and ___________

A

Posteromedial joint capsule, cruciate ligaments, and medial meniscus

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7
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a medial collateral ligament sprain?

A
  • minimal swelling
  • limp gait pattern
  • decreased
  • pain on medial joint line ‘
  • decreased extension at at end of passive and active ROM
  • pain and possible gapping with valgus stress test
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8
Q

How can the valgus stress test be used to determine severity of medial collateral ligament sprain?

A

Grade 1 - pain with no gapping
Grade 2 - moderate gapping, pain’
Grade 3 - lots of gapping (excessive)

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9
Q

Medial collateral ligament treatment includes:

A
  • protected rest, ice, compression, elevation
  • crtuches in early stages
  • ultrasound, interferential current
  • gentle active ROM
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10
Q

What are the different treatments for the different grades of a medial collateral ligament strain?

A

Grade 1 - no surgery, 4-6 weeks to heal
Grade 2 - treatment of choice, surgery may be required if other structures are disrupted.
-

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11
Q

In case of a complete rupture of the medial collateral ligament, what is the treatment?

A

Cast brace for immobilization, or a surgery, (brace has hinges that allows for immobilization but also some movement

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12
Q

What ‘test’ is often used to test the strength and stability of a ligament after injury?

A

The figure 8 test (running, cutting, planting on injured leg )

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13
Q

Which type of force causes a lateral collateral ligament sprain?

A

Abnormal varus force (forces the knee out)

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14
Q

In addition to a lateral collateral ligament sprain, an abnormal varus force may also damage ____________ ____________

A

Lateral joint capsule and cruciate ligaments

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15
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a lateral collateral ligament sprain?

A

Same as a MCL sprain, only pain and symptoms are localized over the lateral aspect of the knee

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16
Q

MCL gapping occurs with the ________ ________ test

A

varus stress test

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17
Q

Why is the LCL less likely to require surgery when damaged?

A

Because it is not attached to its respective meniscus

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18
Q

What causes an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) sprain?

A

A force causing the knee to hyperextend, or twisting while loading knee and changing directions

Hit in front of femur (forces hyperextension), or
Blow from back of knee (forces tibia forward)

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19
Q

What are some of the signs and symptoms of an anterior cruciate ligament sprain?

A
  • “pop”
  • rapid swelling, nausea, pain deep inside knee
  • knee feels like its “giving way”
  • antalgic gait pattern - knee bends at heel strike
  • decreased active and passive ROM for all movements
  • decreased strength with all movements
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20
Q

What does the brain do when the ACL is ruptured?

A

Shuts down the quads muscle

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21
Q

A positive ___________ and ____________ test are indicative of an ACL sprain

A

Anterior drawer, lachman test

22
Q

Which test is considered the “gold standard” for the ACL?

A

Lachmann test

23
Q

The treatment for an ACL sprain is the same as an ____________ in the _______ stages

A

MCL sprain, acute

24
Q

People with repeated knee injuries are more likely to become ______________

A

Osteoarthritic

25
Q

Grafts for ACL repair are usually taken from: (3)

A

Patellar tendon, vastus muscles, or synthetic ligament

26
Q

What are some of the common causes of a posterior cruciate ligament spain?

A

Most commonly caused by hyperextension, may be associated with falling a flexed knee, leading to hyperflexion

27
Q

What are some of the signs and symptoms of a PCL sprain?

A

-pop
-rapid swelling, nausea, pain deep inside knee
- knee gives way, feels unstable
- other same symptoms as ACL (AROM and PROM for all movements)
- decreased strength with resistance testing

28
Q

A positive _______ and ________ test are indicative of a PCL sprain

A

Posterior drawer, posterior sag

29
Q

Describe the treatment for a PCL sprain

A

Refer to MCL treatment. Treat it conservatively

30
Q

Which meniscus is injured more often?

A

Medial meniscus

31
Q

Medial meniscus injuries are most common between the ages of ______ and _______ in males

A

21-40

32
Q

Medial meniscus injuries are common in the ages of _____ to ______ and ______ to ______ in females

A

11-20, 61-70

33
Q

Why do women become more prone to meniscus injuries when they reach age group of 61-70?

A

Hormonal changes - increased risk of developing osteoporosis - they get back into activites that they previously were not able to do due to life demands

34
Q

What type of guy is ethan

A

A pookie

35
Q

Where do meniscus tears occur?

A

Longitudal, bucket handle, horizontal & parrot beak tears

36
Q

What are the common mechanisms that are associated with meniscus injuries?

A

Compression, tension, & shearing

37
Q

What injury is often associated with weight bearing/compression and rotation while knee is flexed or extended?

A

Meniscus injury

38
Q

What are some of the signs and symptoms of a meniscal injury?

A

-pop
-locking of knee, inability to bend or straighten knee
- pain localized over medial and lateral joint lines
- decreased and painful ROM at extremes of rotation and flexion
- slight, delayed swelling

39
Q

Which positive tests are indicative of a meniscus injury?

A

Apley’s and Mcmurrays

40
Q

Which test requires full knee flexion?

A

McMurrays

41
Q

What is the treatment for meniscus injuries?

A
  • same as ligament sprains of the knee
  • orthoscopic surgery may be required if locking persists (recall meniscus is avascular, so it cannot repair itself. After surgery you are non weight bearing for up to a month
42
Q

Iliotibial band friction syndrome is common in what kind of athletes?

A

Runners, cyclists, weight lifters, volleyball players

43
Q

What is iliotibial band friction syndrome?

A

Due to friction of the iliotibial band over the lateral femoral condyle, which can be felt from the top of the hip to the bottom of the femur

44
Q

With iliotibial band friction syndrome, where do people feel the pain, and with what movements?

A

Pain on the lateral aspect of the knee, pain during extension.

45
Q

Pain and crepitus with flexion and extension of the knee if evident in ___________ ______ _______ ________

A

Iliotibal band friction syndrome

46
Q

A positive _________ test is indicative of iliotibial band friction syndrome

A

Ober’s test

47
Q

What does the treatment for iliotibial band friction syndrome include?

A

Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
NSAIDS
Massage
Bracing
Treat mechanical causes, examine footwear, consider orthotics
Stretch the muscles that insert into the iliotibial band

48
Q

What may cause patellar tendonitis?

A

Sudden or repetitive movements of the knee

49
Q

What are some of the signs and symptoms of patellar tendonitis?

A
  • pain with squatting jumping and stair climbing
  • progressive pain, may eventually lead to night pains
  • pain with active knee extension and passive knee flexion at end of range (120 degrees)
  • pain with resisted knee extension
  • pain on palpation of the patellar tendon
50
Q

What does the treatment for patellar tendonitis include?

A
  • rest- ice, heat, ultrasound, neuromuscular electrical stimulation
  • bracing
  • deep transverse friction or massage
  • modify the cause (occupational, form, training, regime)
  • stretching and strengthing of associated lower body muscles

MSK - Soft Tissue Injuries (7 decks)

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