Theraputic Exercise Mid-Term

Question 1

6 Aspects of FUNCTION

Answer 1

Muscle Performance
Cardiopulmonary Endurance
Mobility/flexibility
Neuromuscular coordination/control
stability
balance/Postural Equilibrium

Question 2

3 Reasons for Therapeutic Exercise

Answer 2

improve or restore function

prevent dysfunction

Question 3

4 Indications for Stretching

Answer 3

ROM is limited (adhesions/scar tissue/etc)
Restrictions lead to structural deformities
Muscle weakness has led to opposing tissue weakness
reduce chance of injury

Question 4

5 contraindications for stretching

Answer 4

bony block
recent fracture
acute inflammation/infection
tissue trauma
hypermobility

Question 5

Parameters for resisstance exercise by how trained

Answer 5

30-40% sedentary
40-70 healthy but untrained
70-80 trained
>80 highly trained

Question 6

Indications for Low intensity vs high

Answer 6

• soft tissue healing
• articular cartilage vs heavy compression forces
• new to exercise
• children/older
• goal is muscle endurance
• warm up/cooldown
• isokinetic

Question 7

8 Precautions for Resistance Exercise

Answer 7

1 Cardiovascular Precautions
2 Fatigue
 local muscle fatigue
 total body fatigue
 specific pathology
3 Recovery from Exercise
 lactic acid/oxygen/glycogen
4 Overwork/Overtrained
5 Substitute Motions
6 Osteoporosis
 post-menopausal women
 nutrition (calcium)
 certain medications
 gradual increase of program
7 Exercise induced Muscle Soreness
 acute muscle soreness (ischemia)
8 Delayed onset muscle soreness
 can use TENS

Question 8

3 Contraindications of Resistance Exercise

Answer 8

Inflammation (low activity is ok if no pain)
Pain (muscle joint pain more than 24 hours)
Severe Cardiopulmonary Disease
uncontrolled hypertension, dysrhythmias etc

Question 9

4 Indications for Isometric Exercises

Answer 9

• minimize atrophy
• re-establish neuromuscular control
• postural or joint stability
• Strength in specific ROM’s that are weak

Question 10

Types of Isometric Exercise

Answer 10

1 Muscle-Setting
not resistance, used during acute stages of healing, prevents atrophy
2 Stabilization
dynamic stability of joint or posture, submaximal weight, trunk posture,
3 Multiple-Angle
resistance at multiple angles within available ROM, used when dynamic is painful or inadvisable.

Question 11

4 Indications for PROM

Answer 11

1 acute inflamed, injured
2 after surgery
3 unable or unadvised active movement
4 paralized/coma, etc

Question 12

Indications for Active- Assisted ROM

Answer 12

when patient cannot
progression from AAROM to AROM
AROM to relieve from sustained postures

Question 13

Considerations for Therapeutic Exercise Pyramid

Answer 13

Bottom to top:
Mobility
  joint mobs/mmstrip/pir/stretch 
  etc
Stability
  isometric/tapotement/muscle 
  setting/activation
Controlled Mobility
  synergist/agonist/antagonist - path of center of rotation
 kinesthetic information
  AAROM/AROM/Proprioception
Skill
  Strength and 
  Conditioning/ Functional 
  Exercises

Question 14

compensation =

Answer 14

functional dysfunction

Question 15

Stabilization defined as these 3 things

Answer 15

Maintaining spine in Neutral, Pain Free, Stable position through adjustments and tension in response to functional loads

Question 16

Muscular Box are how many pairs of muscles?

Answer 16

29

Question 17

Global Muscles

Answer 17

Rectus Abdominis
inter/exter obliques
QL superficial
Erectors
Iliapsoas

Question 18

Deep Segmental Muscles

Answer 18

TA
Multifidi
QL Deep
Deep hip rotators (hip girdle)

Question 19

Characteristics of Global Muscles of Spine

Answer 19

1 superficial - further from axis
2 cross multiple segments
3 large guy wire function
4 compressive load with strong contractions

Question 20

Characteristics of Deep segmental Muscles of Spine

Answer 20

1 closer to axis
2 attach to each vertebra
3 control segmental guy wire function
4 MORE type 1 muscle fibres for endurance

Question 21

Explain “Setting the Core”

Answer 21

co-contraction of TRA (fingers on ASIS and bring together) and pelvic floor (holding pee), where Drawing In/Abdominal Holowing is used

Question 22

Explain “Abdominal Bracing”

Answer 22

used to activate TRA and ext/inter obliques

Question 23

Ideal timing of activation spine control muscles

Answer 23

Co-contraction of TRA and Pelvic Floor THEN multifidi should occur prior to other limb movement

Question 24

How to train Deep segmental muscles

Answer 24

for endurance with low levels of isometric contractions

Question 25

once CORE IS set what can be strengthened? and how?

Answer 25

multifidi
VIA challenging spinous processes of vertebra
progress to bird dog

Question 26

How does thoracolumbar fascia involve?

Answer 26

TRA and Oblique activation (abdominal bracing) increase tension in TL fascia and therefor intraabdomainal pressure that stabilize.