Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK > Therapeutics > Flashcards

Therapeutics Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs causing osteoporosis

A
  • Glucocorticoids
  • Immunosuppressants
  • Antiseizure medicines (esp phenobarbital, phenytoin)
  • Aromatase inhibitors
  • GnRH agonist & antagonists (e.g. leuprolide)
  • Heparin
  • Cancer chemotherapy
  • Long-term PPI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

5 components of GMP

A
  1. Purity of raw materials
  2. Premises and equipment well maintained for operational readiness
  3. Personnel adequately trained
  4. Manufacturing procedures utilise latest science and technology
  5. Processes documented to show compliance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sources of impurities

A
  1. Raw materials
  2. Components of manufacturing
    (reagents, solvents, reaction vessels)
  3. Atmospheric contamination
  4. Manufacturing hazards
    (particulate/microbial/cross contamination, process/packing errors)
  5. Storage
    (filth, physical/chemical instability, temperature effects, reaction with container)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Risk factors for OA

A
  • Genetic
  • Anatomic (varus, valgus)
  • Injury
  • Obesity (load; metabolic OA)
  • Ageing
  • Gender (M < 50; F > 70)
  • Occupation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Risk factors for NSAID-induced GI toxicity

A
  • > 65 y.o.
  • History of GI ulcer
  • Use of chronic NSAID at high doses
  • Concomitant corticosteroids/antithrombotics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Risk factors for NSAID-induced nephrotoxicity (AKI)

A
  • > 65 y.o., HTN, atherosclerosis
  • CKD (C/I in < 15)
  • Volume depletion (true/effective)
  • Severe hypercalcemia, renal artery stenosis
  • Aminoglycosides, amphotericin B, radiocontrast media
  • Diuretics, ACEi/ARB use
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Urgent referrals for soft tissue injuries

A
  • Fractures
  • Malignancy
  • Infections
  • Ligament rupture
  • Referred visceral pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Etiology of tendonitis

A
  • Overuse
  • Sports injury
  • Calcium apatite deposits
  • Rheumatoid conditions
  • Fluoroquinolones, statins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Etiology of bursitis

A

Acute:
- Gouty bursitis
- Infections
- Trauma

Chronic:
- Inflammatory
- Overuse
- Prolonged pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Differentials for heel pain

A

Neuro:
- Nerve impingement
- Neuropathic pain
- S1 reticulopathy

Skeletal:
- Stress fractures
- Bone contusions
- Osteomyelitis
- Cancer

Soft tissues:
- Archilles tendinopathy
- Fat pad atrophy
- Retrocalcaneal bursitis
- Plantar fascia rupture
- Painful heel syndrome

Inflammatory:
- Rheumatoid conditions
- Sarcoidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Differentials for lower back pain

A

Mechanical:
- Cauda equina compression
- Osteoporotic vertebral fracture
- Radiculopathy

Non-mechanical:
- Cancer
- Osteomyelitis
- Epidural abscess

Visceral:
- Kidney stones
- Gall stones
- Prostatitis
- Pyelonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Drugs causing hyperuricemia

A

Increased production:
Alcohol
Cytotoxic drugs
Fructose

Reduced excretion:
Thiazide/loop diuretics
Cyclosporin, tacrolimus
Low dose salicylate
Ethambutol
Pyrazinamide
Levodopa
Laxative abuse
Salt restrictions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Risk factors for osteoporosis

A
  • FH of osteoporosis/fragility fracture
  • Hx of fragility fracture
  • Advance age
  • Low body weight
  • Height loss of >2 cm in 3 years
  • Early menopause (45 and younger)
  • Medications
  • Medical conditions
  • Insufficient Ca intake (<500 mg/day)
  • Alcohol abuse
  • Cigarette smoking
  • Immobility
  • Hx of falls
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Contraindications for intraarticular glucocorticoids

A
  • Periarticular infection
  • Septic arthritis
  • Periarticular fracture
  • Joint instability
  • Juxtaarticular osteoporosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Monitoring for methotrexate

A

FBC
LFT (AST, LT, albumin, bilirubin)
RP (SCr)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Monitoring for sulfasalazine

A

FBC

17
Q

Monitoring for hydroxychloroquine

A

Ophthalmic exam

18
Q

Monitoring for leflunomide

A

FBC
LFT (AST, ALT, albumin, bilirubin)

19
Q

Safety concerns with bDMARD & tsDMARD

A
  • Injection site reaction
  • Myelosuppression
  • Infections
  • Malignancy
  • Autoimmune disease
  • Cardiovascular disease
  • Hepatic
  • Metabolic
  • Pulmonary
  • GI
  • Thrombosis
20
Q

Checklist before initiating bMARD / tsDMARD

A
  1. Check ADR
  2. Inform about risk of MACE / malignancy
  3. Screening for TB, HBV, HCV
  4. Vaccination for HBV, varicella, influenza, pneumococcal
  5. Schedule for regular screening (CBC, LFT, SCr, lipids)
21
Q

Criteria for starting urate lowering therapy

A
  • Frequent gout flares (two or more per year)
  • Tophi
  • Radiographic changes
  • History of urolithiasis
22
Q

Treatment goals for ULT

A
  • Tophaceous gout: <360 mcmol/L
  • Non-tophaceous gout: < 300 mcmol/L
23
Q

Z-score less than -2 means?

A

Higher risk of osteoporosis due to secondary causes

MSK (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions