Therapeutic Modalities Flashcards
What is therapeutic modalities
The administration of thermal, mechanical, electromagnetic, light and other energies for therapeutic purposes.
What phases are the remodeling phases broken into?
Phase 3: consolidation phase from day 21 to 60
Phase 4: organizational phase starting on day 62
What modalities are used in acute inflammatory phase
RICE –> rest, ice, compression and elevation.
what is the purpose of physiotherapy treatment in phase 1?
To move into next healing stage and to decrease pain and swelling.
What causes pain in phase 1
Swelling –> increased pressure + healing cascade —> irritates nerves.
Why is there such a risk of re-injury during phase 2?
Less pain but new collagen cant withstand same stress as normal tissue.
Feel better –> return activities –> experience a set back
what is the focus of physiotherapy in phase 2?
Regain ROM, joint + scar mobilization + exercises. Promotes re-alignment of collagen fibers.
what is the main focus in phases 3 and 4
Increasing cellular organization of collagen fibers + strength between bonds.
what is the focus of physiotherapy in phase 3 and 4
Regain full range of motion and improving strength. Eccentric exercises and increasing resistive loads.
What is the pain gate theory?
The gate is a mechanism where pain signals can be let through or restricted from spinal cord to brain.
Gate open: pain signals pass through and sent to brain for it to be perceived.
Gate closed: signal is restricted and pain is not perceived.
What happens when some experiences a non-painful (non-noxious) stimulus
Activates closed gate control mechanism and reduces pain.
What is a E-Stim (TENS and NMES)
Electrotherapy that targets nerves via mild electrical current.
TENS: pain relief
NMES: treat muscular weakenss
What else can an E-STIM be used for? (3)
Edema reduction (lymphatic drainage), medication delivery, diagnostic testing (neurotransmitter abnormalities)
What is frequency in regards to E-STIM
Number of electrical pulses (Hz) per second.
Pulses/sec
What is amplitude
Intensity mA –> dial based on P response.
What should the ratio of on/off time be for E-Stim treatment
Off time should be three times on time.
What is ramp
Gradual increase in amplitude over time –> P comfort
Zero to peak.
How does a NMES work to help muscle weakness?
Application of an electrical current over a motor point to elicit a muscle contraction. Selective contraction of muscle groups. less strong than voluntary contraction.
Which muscle fibers are recruitment in NMES system.
Recruitment of type II muscle fibers first but mostly affects type I fibers.
T/F the recruitment of muscle fibers in voluntary contraction is the opposite as E-STIM
True- voluntary is stronger than E-STIM.
What is the goal of NMES
Tetanic contractions of selected muscle groups without pain.
How does a TENS function
Large nerve fibers have lower threshold for stimulation and faster conduction velocity than small fibers that conduct pain messages. By Stimulating the A-Beta fibers TENS blocks smaller fiber activity and thus pain
How does the TENS block the smaller fiber activity
Hyperstimulation of nociception.
T/F for chronic pain the pulse duration is lower than acute pain while the frequency is higher?
False- For chronic pain the pulse duration will be higher than the setting for acute and the Frequency will be lower compared to acute.
