Therapeutic exercises Flashcards
While standing how much weight is on FL? HL?
Normal is 60% FL and 40% HL
While walking what is the weight distribution? How many legs make contact with the ground
Distribution is 33-60% FL and 20-40% HL. 2 legs (sometimes 3) making contact with the ground
T/F At faster trots a short suspension period is possible?
True- during this period no limbs will touch the ground
What is the weight distribution at a trot?
120%FL. and 75% HL
Due to the gait being faster more force is put on the limbs
T/F the pace is a normal gait in all breeds
False- it can be a sign of orthopedic disease in some breeds and normal in others. The ipsilaterla limb will move synchronously
What are the types of gallop
Canter- slow gallop
Transverse- suspension phase
Rotary- fastest with 2 suspension phases (extended and flexed spine)
T/F joints only use a small amount of range of motion at a walk
True- except for the carpus which uses 50% of its range.
What is the difference between anaerobic and aerobic muscle use?
Anaerobic- intense short bursts, increased endurance, strengthening.
Aerobic- long sustained exercise, requires oxygen and increases heart rate.
What are the 2 types of muscle fibers?
Type 1: slow twitch- aerobic exercises, endurance, fatigue resistant: long sustaining.
Type 2: fast twitch- anaerobic exercises, strength training, fatigue fast
What is the process of recruitment of muscle fibers?
Type II fast twitch (fatigue fast) need to be used to get started then transition to Type 1 slow twitch
What is the difference between iosmetric and isotonic contraction
Isometric- muscles stay the same length
Isotonic- muscle change in length (concentric- shorten and eccentric- lengthen)
What are anti-gravity muscles
Muscles that work against gravity to keep body upright
What are the antigravity muslces of the thoracic limb?
Shoulders and elbow flexors/extensors, digit flexors
what are the antigravity muscles of the pelvic limb?
Hip extensors/ adductors, stifle flexors/extensors, digit flexors.
Which spinal vertebral column has the least amount of movement and flexiblity
Thoracic- very long dorsal spinal process.
Where does the most amount of compensation occur in the spinal column?
Lumbar specifically the T-L junction.
What are the exercises for each phase of healing?
Phase 1: very gentle, low impact exercises
Phase 2: low impact with mild challenge
Phase 3: moderate exercise with increase loading and challenge
Phase 4: moderate to increased loading exercises
What are examples of exercises for each phase of healing?
Phase 1: slow walk, gentle balancing
Phase 2: balancing with platforms, changing weight distribution, low poles/weave poles
Phase 3: steps, sit to stands, army crawl, inclines
Phase 4: adding weights/ resistance bands, dynamic balancing, increase to full function
What phase are chronic diseases usually assinged to?
Phase 3: each patient will present differently in each phase.
T/F stages of healing WILL NOT vary during any time period
False- animals can reinjure themselves causing acute on chronic injury and be regulated to phase 1.
What is foundational to all other exercises?
Standing (P1)- can be with or without assistance.
What does weight shifting in phases 1-4 promote?
Promotes limb loading, proprioception and balance. As the phases increase the challenge will increase as well.
What phases will do do hand shaking work? and what are the benefits?
Phases 3 and 4 (done on balance discs and wobble boards), benefits similar to weight shifting but also improve ROM in FL
Who does rhythmic stabilization especially help?
Bouncing helps with neurologically weak patients.
