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Small Animal Rhab > Therapeutic exercises > Flashcards

Therapeutic exercises Flashcards

1
Q

While standing how much weight is on FL? HL?

A

Normal is 60% FL and 40% HL

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2
Q

While walking what is the weight distribution? How many legs make contact with the ground

A

Distribution is 33-60% FL and 20-40% HL. 2 legs (sometimes 3) making contact with the ground

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3
Q

T/F At faster trots a short suspension period is possible?

A

True- during this period no limbs will touch the ground

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4
Q

What is the weight distribution at a trot?

A

120%FL. and 75% HL
Due to the gait being faster more force is put on the limbs

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5
Q

T/F the pace is a normal gait in all breeds

A

False- it can be a sign of orthopedic disease in some breeds and normal in others. The ipsilaterla limb will move synchronously

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6
Q

What are the types of gallop

A

Canter- slow gallop
Transverse- suspension phase
Rotary- fastest with 2 suspension phases (extended and flexed spine)

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7
Q

T/F joints only use a small amount of range of motion at a walk

A

True- except for the carpus which uses 50% of its range.

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8
Q

What is the difference between anaerobic and aerobic muscle use?

A

Anaerobic- intense short bursts, increased endurance, strengthening.
Aerobic- long sustained exercise, requires oxygen and increases heart rate.

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9
Q

What are the 2 types of muscle fibers?

A

Type 1: slow twitch- aerobic exercises, endurance, fatigue resistant: long sustaining.
Type 2: fast twitch- anaerobic exercises, strength training, fatigue fast

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10
Q

What is the process of recruitment of muscle fibers?

A

Type II fast twitch (fatigue fast) need to be used to get started then transition to Type 1 slow twitch

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11
Q

What is the difference between iosmetric and isotonic contraction

A

Isometric- muscles stay the same length
Isotonic- muscle change in length (concentric- shorten and eccentric- lengthen)

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12
Q

What are anti-gravity muscles

A

Muscles that work against gravity to keep body upright

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13
Q

What are the antigravity muslces of the thoracic limb?

A

Shoulders and elbow flexors/extensors, digit flexors

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14
Q

what are the antigravity muscles of the pelvic limb?

A

Hip extensors/ adductors, stifle flexors/extensors, digit flexors.

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15
Q

Which spinal vertebral column has the least amount of movement and flexiblity

A

Thoracic- very long dorsal spinal process.

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16
Q

Where does the most amount of compensation occur in the spinal column?

A

Lumbar specifically the T-L junction.

17
Q

What are the exercises for each phase of healing?

A

Phase 1: very gentle, low impact exercises
Phase 2: low impact with mild challenge
Phase 3: moderate exercise with increase loading and challenge
Phase 4: moderate to increased loading exercises

18
Q

What are examples of exercises for each phase of healing?

A

Phase 1: slow walk, gentle balancing
Phase 2: balancing with platforms, changing weight distribution, low poles/weave poles
Phase 3: steps, sit to stands, army crawl, inclines
Phase 4: adding weights/ resistance bands, dynamic balancing, increase to full function

19
Q

What phase are chronic diseases usually assinged to?

A

Phase 3: each patient will present differently in each phase.

20
Q

T/F stages of healing WILL NOT vary during any time period

A

False- animals can reinjure themselves causing acute on chronic injury and be regulated to phase 1.

21
Q

What is foundational to all other exercises?

A

Standing (P1)- can be with or without assistance.

22
Q

What does weight shifting in phases 1-4 promote?

A

Promotes limb loading, proprioception and balance. As the phases increase the challenge will increase as well.

23
Q

What phases will do do hand shaking work? and what are the benefits?

A

Phases 3 and 4 (done on balance discs and wobble boards), benefits similar to weight shifting but also improve ROM in FL

24
Q

Who does rhythmic stabilization especially help?

A

Bouncing helps with neurologically weak patients.

25
Q

What do Cavaletti poles do?

A

Good for improving ROM in carpus elbow and stifle.

26
Q

What are the biomechanics of a land treadmill

A

Prolonged stance phase and greater stride length. Useful for hip and stifle conditions that are painful- requires less active contractions for joint extension.

27
Q

What are the properties of water that make an underwater treadmill useful for rehab

A

Buoyancy, hydrostatic pressure, viscosity and resistance and surface tension.

28
Q

What is Buoyancy

A

Upward force is exerted on an object by water. Corresponds to how much water is displaced by the body.
(body weighs less in water than on land)

29
Q

What are the % of bearing body weight in different water levels

A

Tarsus- 95%
Stifle- 85%
Hip- 38%

30
Q

How does weight distribution change at different water levels?

A

At hip height weight distribution shifts further to FL than even normally- 71% FL and 29% HL.

31
Q

What is hydrostatic pressure?

A

Pressure exerted on the body that is surrounded by liquid. Can reduce edema.

32
Q

Who should be cautious in regard to hydrostatic pressure?

A

Patients with respiratory disease- hard to fully inflate lungs in water

33
Q

Why is viscosity and resistance important

A

A solid body requires force to move through water- Helps with strengthening and cardiovascular system.

34
Q

What is surface tension

A

Cohesion is greater on surface water than at greater depths. If you are trying to strengthen a joint put water at that joint level b/c it will require more effort to break surface tension.

35
Q

What are some contraindications to aquatic therapy:

A

Patients with severe cardiac or respiratory disease. Infection or non-healing wounds, open wounds or draining tracts. Severe Diarrhea. No orange dots

36
Q

What is important to remember about joint ROM in water

A

Most change in flexion occurs when water level is at or above the joint.

37
Q

What is important to remember about the hip joint in water

A

More flexion occurs in the hip joint at any water level than on land- the most occurs when water level at hip height.

38
Q

What is important to remember about the stifle joint in deeper water?

A

More flexion occurs in deeper water. Most flexion occurs with water level at stifle or hip height.

Small Animal Rhab (12 decks)

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