Therapeutic Massage (week 13) NOT DONE YET Flashcards
What is the reflexive effects of massage?
-Pain Reduction
-Release of Endogenous opiates
-Increased Lymphatic blood flow
-Increased local metabolism
Autonomic nervous system phenomenon
- Causes sedation, relieves tension, increases blood flow
What is Reflexive effects?
Effects on sensory and motor nerves locally and some central nervous system response
What is “Mechanical effects”
Mechanical or histologic changes in the myofascial structures through direct force applied superficially
What are the mechanical benefits of massage
-stretching of intramuscular connective tissue
-Reduction of pain and discomfort associated with myofascial trigger points
-Increase blood flow to skeletal muscle and -increase venous return
-Decrease in neuromuscular excitability
What are the psychological effects of massage
- A general sedative effect can be most beneficial for the patient
-Massage has been shown to lower psycho-emotional and somatic arousal such as tension and anxiety
What are the selected methods of manual therapy techniques ?
Acupressure
Lymphatic massage
Myofascial release
What is acupressure
Pressure that is applied along acupuncture meridians, altering the bodys energy pattern
What is lymphatic massage
Targeting the lymphatic system, it attempts to remove
Edema
Waste Products
Toxins
from the body using light, rhythmic strokes
What is myofascial release
It breaks the adhesions and other restrictions in the bodys fascial network to restore normal function
What are the indications of therapeutic massage
Chronic pathophysiological states
Later stages of healing soft tissues
Adherent, shortened scar and connective tissue
Pain
Edema
Muscle Spasm
What are the contraindications of therapeutic massage
-Open wound
-Thrombophlebitis
-Hemorrhage
-Active bacterial fungal infection
-Sites where fractures have failed to heal
-Febrile conditions
-acute inflammation
-active malignancy
-over a foreign body
-infection causing lymphangitis
-phlebitis or hematoma
-varicose veins
-arteriosclerosis
-cellulitis
-abscess
What are the precautions when doing therapeutic massage
-Area of sensory deficit
-Acute sprains or strains (avoid deep pressure)
-Massage may increase inflammatory response when used early in the acute or subacute stage of the injury response cycle
-Use decreased pressure when applying massage over areas having decreased sensation
-Don’t use massage for swelling caused by cardiovascular insufficiency, kidney or liver disease or pleural effusion
What equipment are needed for therapeutic massage
- Table that is easily accessible from both sides and of appropriate height
-Lubricant (oil, powder, lotion)
-Alcohol
It is best to use oil when..
1) The clincian or patients skin is too dry
2) A cast has recently been removed
3) Scar tissue is present
4) There is excess hair
What are the indications of massage with lubrication
-Reduces friction
-Fragile skin
-Hairy skin
-Perspiration can be absorbed (powder)
-Gliding effect is enhanced
What are some indications of massage without lubrication
-Allergic reaction
-Friction Massage
-Massage can be more stimulating
What is Effleurage
A massage technique of
-Unbroken gliding movements that are repeated applied to the patient with the hand or forearm
What is Effleurage used to do?
-Apply lubricant
-Begin/End a massage
-Assess and explore a surface and underlying tissues
-Prepare tissue for deeper massage
-A transition stroke to use between other strokes
What are the indications to use Effleurage
-Muscle strains
Shingling technique is recommended for large muscles
Improve circulation
Prior to or following competition in conjunction with sports massage techniques
How do you apply Effleurage
-Push tissue downward and away from you
-Extremities: Apply pressure centripetally
-Once excursion is complete, drag hands back with no added pressure
What are the variations of Effleurage
One-handed (small areas)
-Two handed (used simultaneously)
Alternate hand (One hand or thumb follows behind in succession)
How do you define Pertissage
Cycle of rhythmic lifting, squeezing, and releasing of tissue parallel to the muscle fiber
Typically follows EFFLEURAGE
What is Pertissage used to do ?
- Draw new blood and oxygen
- Stretches tissues
-Softens superficial fascia
What are the indications for Pertissage
-Injuries in the late stages of healing/chronic conditions
-Areas having multiple muscles
-Superficial muscles
How do you describe the petrissage technique
-Grasp and lift the skin and the underlying muscle and firmly knead, wring or squeeze
-Should raise the muscle from its usual position
What are the variations for Pertissage
-One-handed
-Two handed (ocean waves)
-Alternate hand
-Skin Rolling (no downward force is used)
What is the Friction massage used to do
-Increase circulation
-Decrease muscle spasm
-Promote proper scar formation
-Break down adhesions
-Reduce trigger points
What technique is involved with Friction
- Done without lubricant
-Circular or linear technique
-Moving the skin across tissue layers beneath the skin
What are the variations of Friction massage
-Rolling friction
-Wringing friction
-Cross-fiber
What is rolling friction
-Used for the extremities
-The tissues are compressed with open palms with compression of the tissue occurring simultaneously with the sliding of hands from DISTAL to proximal
What is Wringing friction
-BEST used for extremities
-While hands are moving in the opposing directions distal to proximal, the tissue is compressed with the palms of the hands and fingers
What is cross-fiber friction
AKA Deep Transverse Friction
Used to address Tendinous or ligamentous adhesions or fibrosis
- Reduction of trigger points
-Fingers are moved in a back and forth motion with direction perpendicular to the muscle fiber
What are some things to remember about Friction massage?
- To reduce soreness, follow by ice or ice massage
-Avoided in acute injuries
-Can be performed by patient as part of a home treatment program
What is Tapotement
AKA Percussion
- The repetitive striking movements of the hand
What is Tapotement used to do ?
-Aid in decongesting the lungs
-Relieve pain
What is the technique for percussion?
To begin with light pressure and moderate strike speed, gradually increasing speed, and finally diminish speed and depth
The stroke should be rhythmic, allowing hands to spring back
What are the variations for tapotement
-Tapping
-Hacking
-Cupping
-Pounding
-Clapping
What is Vibration
The rapid shaking, trembling or rocking mvmts applied with fingertips, full hand or an appliance
(the hands do not break in contact with the patients skin)
Vibration is used to
Enhance general relaxation
increase circulation
loosen and mobilize phlegm
What are the variations of Vibration
Fine vibration
Rocking vibration
What is a Myofascial release
Group of techniques used for relieving soft tissue from the abnormal grip of tight fascia
Where is myofascial release focused?
Large treatment areas
whereas joint mobilization focuses on a specific joint
What are the indications of myofascial release
-Treatment of chronic soft tissue malalignment including chronic neck/back pain and scar tissue adhesions
What are the treatment considerations for Myofascial release
Protecting the hands
Use of lubricant
Patient position
