Basic Wound Care (week 11)

Question 1

What is debridement

Answer 1

The removal of devitalized tissues from or adjacent to a traumatic or infected lesion to expose healthy tissue

Question 2

What is Erythema

Answer 2

Redness of the skin

caused by the congestion of the capillaries in the lower layers of the skin

Question 3

What is eschar

Answer 3

dry scab

devitalized tissue

Question 4

What is Lymphedema

Answer 4

Functional overload of the lymphatic system in which lymph volume exceeds transport capabilities

results in obstructed lymph flow

Question 5

What is Necrosis

Answer 5

the morphological changes indicative of cell death

Question 6

What is a Pressure Ulcer

Answer 6

A localized injury to the skin usually over a bony prominence as a result of pressure or pressure in combo with shear force and/or friction

Question 7

What is Sterile

Answer 7

To be free from any microorganisms; aseptic

Question 8

What are the basic goals of wound care and management

Answer 8

-Protect the wound and surrounding tissue from additional trauma
-Provide an optimal environment for wound healing
-reduce strain on tissues near wound

-protect the tissue in the area of the wound from mechanical stress or movement
-reduce the number of pathogenic microorganisms
-expedite the healing process

-decrease or reduce the formation of scar tissue

Question 9

What are the phases of healing

Answer 9

• Inflammatory

-Proliferative phase

-Remodeling Phase

Question 10

What are the stages in the inflammatory process

Answer 10

-Vascular stage

-Exudate stage

-Reparative Stage

Question 11

What is the inflammatory phase

Answer 11

The process that initiates wound healing

function: Limit tissue damage, remove injured cells and repair injured tissue

Bodys initial local defense response to injury or trauma and begins immediately after

Question 12

What is the vascular stage

Answer 12

Characterized by hyperemia because of change in cellular filtration pressures and an increase in permeability of cells

Question 13

What is the exudate stage

Answer 13

Where fluid passes through the walls of vessels into adjacent tissues of spaces to help deposit fibrins and leukocytes which are necessary to initiate wound healing

Question 14

What is the reparative stage

Answer 14

Damaged cells are replaced and true wound healing begins

Question 15

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation

Answer 15

Tumor (swelling)

Rubor (redness)

Color (heat)

Dolor (pain)

Functio Laeso (loss of function)

Question 16

What is the proliferative phase

Answer 16

It overlaps the inflammatory phase with granulation, angiogenesis to re-establish capillary buds, contraction and epithelization of the wound site

Question 17

What are extrinsic factors that affect wound healing

Answer 17

-Pressure overlies a bony prominence
-Shear force applied to the skin, especially to the heels and sacrum

-Maceration of the skin
-infection

-Reduced activity leading to prolonged immobility

Question 18

What are intrinsic factors that affect wound healing

Answer 18

_general health of the patient
-condition of skin

-body build and composition
-nutritional status
-hydration status

-distance between the edges of the wound
-location of the wound
-adequacy of blood flow to the wound

Question 19

What is the difference between primary and secondary lymphedema

Answer 19

Primary lymphedema is a congenital malformation while as

secondary lymphedema is acquired after surgical removal of lymph nodes, infection of lymphatics, radiation therapy for cancer or trauma

Question 20

What are the indications for lymphedema treatment

Answer 20

-primary/secondary lymphedema
-After a trauma, radiation

-After a burn
-after obstruction resulting from a tumor, scar, inflammation or parasite

-idiopathic lymphedema
postoperative edema

-venous or arterial ulcer
-scar treatment

Question 21

What are the contraindications for lymphedema treatment

Answer 21

-Acute infection

-Active cancer

-Presence of congestive heart failure or kidney failure

-After radiation treatment

Question 22

What are the physiologic causes for Rubor and Color

Answer 22

Vasodilation; increased blood flow

Question 23

What are the physiologic causes for Dolor

Answer 23

Circulatory Impairment (Ischemic pain)

Formation of edema with pressure on the nociceptors nerve endings

Question 24

What are the physiologic causes of functio laeso

Answer 24

Decreased ability to contract muscle

Pain spasm-pain cycle