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Intro to Physical Therapy Lec > ROM EXERCISES/ TRANSFER TECHNIQUES (7-8) > Flashcards

ROM EXERCISES/ TRANSFER TECHNIQUES (7-8) Flashcards

1
Q

What is ADHESION

A

Fibrous band of scar tissue that binds together anatomic structures that normally separate

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2
Q

What is ATROPHY

A

Decrease in the size of normally developed cells, tissues, organs or body parts.

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3
Q

What is CONTRACTURE

A

Condition of shortening and hardening of muscles, tendons or other tissue

Often leading to deformity and rigidity of joints

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4
Q

what is HYPERTROPHY

A

Increase in the cross-sectional size of a fiber or cell

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5
Q

what is CONCENTRIC CONTRACTION

A

Overall shortening of a muscle as it develops tension and contracts;

positive work is performed or movement is accelerated.

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6
Q

what is ECCENTRIC CONTRACTION

A

Lengthening of a muscle as it develops tension and contracts to control motion performed by an outside force;

negative work is performed or movement is decelerated.

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7
Q

What is RANGE OF MOTION (ROM)

A

The normal extent of movement in a joint

the amount of motion allowed between two bony levers

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8
Q

Name the THREE types of ROM exercises

A

1) Passive Range of Motion (PROM)

2) Active Range of Motion (AROM)

3) Active Assistive Range of Motion (AAROM)

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9
Q

What is (PROM)

A

Movement of a joint or body segment by a force external to the body

within an unrestricted and normal ROM without active, voluntary muscle contraction by the patient .

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10
Q

What are the 3 EXTERNAL FORCES for ROM

A

1) MANUAL (ly) by the patient or another person

2) MECHANICALLY with the use of weights or pulleys, a continuous passive motion unit, or passive mode on an isokinetic unit

3) Gravity

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11
Q

What is AROM

A

Movement of a joint or body segment produced by ACTIVE voluntary muscle contractions

by the patient within the unrestricted, normal ROM

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12
Q

What is AAROM

A

Form of active exercise whereby an external force is used to help the patient perform the exercise

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13
Q

What are the BENEFITS of PROM

A
  • Preserves and maintains range of motion
  • minimizes contracture formation
  • minimizes adhesion formation

-maintains mechanical elasticity of muscle

-promotes and maintains local circulation

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14
Q

What are the BENEFITS of active exercise

A
  • Maintains physiological elasticity, strength and contractile endurance of muscle
  • increases local circulation
  • increases awareness of joint motion and sensory awareness
  • Maintains and improves cardiopulmonary functions (aerobic exercise)
  • May prevent thrombus formation in LE when ANKLE FLEXION EXTENSION movements are used (i.e Ankle pumping)
  • Maintains and promotes the structural integrity of the tendon bone interface
  • Improves muscle strength with the use of external resistance
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15
Q

what are the PRINCIPLES of exercise activities

A
  • Patient should not be challenged to exceed maximal physical capabilities
  • Maintain a normal breathing pattern to avoid VALSALVA MANEUVER

-Avoid applying excessive stress to the patients skin, soft tissues, joints, and bones when manual or mechanical resistance is used.

-Protect structures that are unstable or vulnerable to injury

  • Monitor effect of exercise closely for patients who have a known history of cardiopulmonary dysfunction

-evaluate the equipment being used to ensure that it is secure and stable and that it functions properly.

  • The caregiver and patient should use proper body mechanics during exercise
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16
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle contraction

A

1) ISOTONIC

2) ISOMETRIC

3)ISOKINETIC

17
Q

Define ISOTONIC muscle contraction and exercise

A
  • Can be used to maintain or increase strength, power and endurance
  • Promote Local circulation and enhance cardiovascular efficiency
18
Q

Define ISOMETRIC muscle contraction and exercise

A
  • Contraction produces little or no observable joint motion and no significant chance in the length of the muscle
  • Can be performed with or without external resistance
  • no resistance is applied
19
Q

Define ISOKINETIC muscle contraction and exercise

A
  • Possible when specific equipment is used
  • Equipment controls the speed of the patients contraction and produces a variable resistance to the muscle as it contracts through its arc or ROM
20
Q

What are the PRECAUTIONS related to active exercise

A
  • Undesired cardiopulmonary stress occurs

-breathing pattern of the patient becomes abnormal

-Undesired, adverse response to exercise

-unstable area or segment undergoes stress

  • undesired tone of muscle develops or increases

-Patients condition or functional ability regresses

21
Q

Define Transfer

A

The safe movement of a person from one surface or location to another
OR
one position to another

22
Q

When organizing a patient transfer what is PREPARATION

A
  • Plan and organize the transfer procedure before the patient attempts it.
    inform and teach the pt how to assist or perform the transfer, to enhance confidence and effectiveness
  • Pay attention to safety precautions associated with each transfer to protect the pt from injury.
    Obtain sufficient assistance or equipment to ensure a safe procedure
23
Q

When organizing a patient transfer what is
SAFETY

A
  • The primary responsibility during a transfer is to guard and protect the patient to avoid injury.

-Be in a protective position in front of and slightly to one side of the patient when they stand to prevent falls.

24
Q

When organizing a patient transfer what do you do BEFORE THE TRANSFER

A

-Prepare the patient, environment, yourself, and other individuals involved.
Assess the patients abilities and limitations, and make a decision based on evaluation, available information, patient input, and treatment goals.

  • Use equipment only necessary and avoid perpetuating patient dependence.
    Ensure equipment is obtained, positioned and stabilized correctly before initiating the transfer
25
Q

When organizing a patient transfer what happens DURING THE TRANSFER

A
  • Explain the transfer procedure to the patient and obtain their consent, ensuring they understand the activity and associated risks.
    Ask the patient to repeat the instructions for better comprehension
  • Keep instructions brief, concise and action oriented
    Encourage the patient to participate to the fullest extent possible while maintaining safety
26
Q

What are the types of transfers that do not use mechanical equipment

A
  • Standing, Dependent Pivot
  • Standing, Assisted Pivot
  • Sitting or Lateral Assisted Transfer
  • Sitting, Dependent Lift

-

27
Q

What are the transfers that do require mechanical equipment

A
  • Manually Operated Lift
  • Electrical Lift
28
Q

What is a Standing, Dependent Pivot transfer

A

Requiring AT LEAST one person to elevate the pt to a standing position,
Pivot,
and lower them with their back toward another object.

(in deciding when to block the knees, the strength of the patient is considered.)

29
Q

What is a Standing, Assisted Pivot transfer

A
  • Caregiver assists pt in standing, pivoting and transferring to another object.

Pt effort may range from minimal to maximal

30
Q

What is a Sitting, Lateral Assisted Transfer

A

The pt can move from one surface to another while sitting, often using equipment

(transfer boards, overhead bars)

Pt may require some physical assistance and must be guarded throughout

31
Q

What is a Sitting, Dependent Lift transfer

A

One of more persons may be required to lift and move the patient from one surface to another
OR
a mechanical lift may be used when the patient cannot assist with the transfer.

32
Q

What is a Manually Operated Life transfer

A

Uses a hydraulic fluid system to raise and lower the patient

33
Q

What is a Electrical Life transfer

A

Uses power from rechargable batteries that are connected to a control unit that accompanies the lift.

Intro to Physical Therapy Lec (6 decks)

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