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Ther Ex > Therapeutic Exercise - Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Therapeutic Exercise - Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

define flexibility:

A

refers to the mobility of muscles and the length to which they can extend

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2
Q

define hypomobility

A

restricted ROM

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3
Q

define hypermobility:

A

excessive ROM

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4
Q

define contracture:

A

adaptive shortening of the muscle-tendon unit and soft tissues surrounding joint

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5
Q

flexibility is a measure of __

A

ROM

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6
Q

flexibility has 2 components…

A

static and dynamic

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7
Q

static flexibility occurs during __

A

passive movement

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8
Q

dynamic flexibilty occurs during:

A

available ROM during active movements

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9
Q

define ROM

A

amount of mobility of a joint

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10
Q

determinants of ROM/flexibility:

A
  1. mechanical response of contractile tissue,
  2. neruphysiologic properties of contractile tissue,
  3. mechanical characteristics of non-contractile soft tissue,
  4. structure limitation of the joint,
  5. pain threshold
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11
Q

contractile tissue is individual __, __ and __

A

muscle fibres, myofibrils and sarcomeres

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12
Q

contractile tissues response to stress is ..

A

initial resistance to stretch followed by relaxation

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13
Q

chronic stretching of contractile tissue results in __

A

sarcomere addition

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14
Q

what is contractile tissues response to immobilization?

A

atrophy, loss of sarcomeres, increase in connective tissue

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15
Q

what does the muscle spindle trigger in accordance with the velocity and duration of a stretch?

A

muscle contraction in response to stretch

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16
Q

the golgi tendon organ is ___ to muscle tension

A

sensitive

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17
Q

what does the golgi tendon organ do in response to tension

A

relax muscle

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18
Q

does the golgi tendon organ have a low or high threshold during passive stretching

A

high

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19
Q

the __ reflex is a protective meachnism

A

stretch reflex

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20
Q

the stretch reflex increases __ in the muscle and provides resistance to __

A

increases tension in the muscle and provides resistance to lengthening

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21
Q

what is autogenic inhibition?

A

stretch applied is slow, low intensity, the muscle relaxes and there is reciprocal inhibition *** check to see if makes sense

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22
Q

list the types of connective tissue

A

collagen, elastin, reticulin and ground substance

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23
Q

what type of connective tissue has the highest tensile strength and transmits forces?

A

tendons

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24
Q

what type of connective tissue has properties that vary with location and provide intermediate strength?

A

ligaments

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25
Q

what type of connective tissue holds things together and is the weakest?

A

fascia

26
Q

define elasticity:

A

ability to return to normal length after elongation

27
Q

define plasticity:

A

ability of a substance to undergoe permanent change in size or shae

28
Q

define viscoelasticity:

A

ability to resist change of shape when an outside force is applied, inability to completely return to shape

29
Q

changes in collagen: immobilization

A

weakening of collage matrix as a result of turnover, slow to recover

30
Q

changes in collagen: inactivity

A

decrease in size and amount of collagen, weakening

31
Q

changes in collagen: age

A

loss of strength and elasticity,

slower adaptation and healing

32
Q

changes in collagen: corticosteroids

A

loss of collagen and weakening

33
Q

changes in collagen: injury

A

initiated by week 3, type III to type I remodelling

34
Q

why stretch?

A

hypomobility, muscle tightness, muscle contracture, decrease muscle spasm

35
Q

list the causes of hypomobility:

A
  1. extrinsic
    - casts
    - splints
    - traction,
  2. intrinsic
    - pain
    - swelling
    - muscle tendon fascial disorders,
  3. lifestyle,
  4. paralysis,
  5. congenital or acquired disease
36
Q

list interventions for hypomobility

A 
passive or assisted stretching,
 self-stretching, 
facilitated stretching. 
Joint mobilization, 
soft tissue mobilization, 
nerual tissue mobilization
37
Q

after an injury, the architecture is less capable of withstanding ___ loads so you have to be mindful of the degree of __ that is used.

A

tensile, stretching

38
Q

during which stage is scar tissue forming (primarily collagen) and thus the area is still fragile?

A

repair and remodelling stage

39
Q

what will stretching of scar tissue help to do?

A

help convert the inelastic tissue into a more pliable, elastic tissue

40
Q

what are some things stretching could be used to help achieve?

A 
increase ROM, 
increase flexibility, 
enhance recovery, 
prevent injury, 
increase performance
41
Q

stetching principles: alignment

A

positioning critical

42
Q

stretching principles: stabilization

A

proximal or distal fixation

43
Q

stretching principles: intensity

A

lower intensities generlly preferred

44
Q

stretching principles: speed

A

dependent on injury state

45
Q

stretching principles: duration

A

much debate, 15s-2 min

46
Q

stretching principles: repetitions

A

much debate, 1-3

47
Q

stretching principles: frequency

A

dependent on severity

48
Q

guidelines for prescription:

A

Examine patient – swelling, pain, stage
Assess ROM – pre-test with muscle function
Establish goals – therapist and patient
Select appropriate techniques, modalities and principles
Warm-up the tissues
Inform patient of procedures
Ensure patient comfortImplement the stretching prescription

49
Q

stretching techniques:

A 
StaticHold-relax
Contract-relax
Slow reversal
Agonist reversal
Slow reversal hold
Ballistic stretching
Active isolated stretc
50
Q

special considerations: elderly

A

Loss of balance and coordination
Increased stiffness, decreased elasticity
Muscle weakness
Bone weakness

51
Q

special considerations: children

A

Often quite flexible
Very elastic
Muscle weakness
Overstretching can easily result in hypermobility

52
Q

why warm up?

A

Increased core temperature
Increased mental preparedness
Increased neural conduction
Improved muscle elasticity and contractility
Increased metabolic rate
Unregulated cardiovascular and respiratory systems
Rehearsal of motor patterns

53
Q

types of warm up:

A 
General 
Increase core temp
Large muscle group repetitive exercise
Specific 
Enhance neural activity, coordination, prep specific muscle groups
Movements that are part of the activity
Passive 
Dependent on sport and demands
54
Q

dynamic flexibility: sport specific stretching

A

Flexibility speed
Flexibility strength
Flexibility endurance

55
Q

how should you initiate dynamic stretching?

A

slow initiation, then gradual increase in speed, ROM

56
Q

with regard to dynamic flexibility you should avoid __ and movements should be __ not __

A

avoid fatigue and movements should be controlled not jerky

57
Q

what is the catch 22 with regard to dynamic flexibility?

A

the muscle is not relaxing but is active through the ROM which is specific to the movements that occur in sport

58
Q

dynamic vs static stretching which is better?

A

strong evidence to suggest that acutely, static stretching may limit human performance when compared to dynamic stretching

59
Q

how do you maintain a warm-up?

A 
Initial thorough warm-up
Short sport-specific warm-up if idle for >45min
Maintain mental focus
Avoid chronic postures
Use vigorous shaking or massage
Appropriate clothing
60
Q

Why should we cool down?

A
  • Reduce muscle fatigue and soreness
  • Facilitate muscle relaxation
  • Aid muscle recovery
  • Best time to enhance flexibility
  • Mental review
61
Q

basic cool down tips:

A

Sport specific <50% max intensity Up to 20min, Include mild dynamic and static stretching

Ther Ex (10 decks)

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