Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

Question 1

What is the place known as that a drug targets in the body?

Answer 1

Site of Action

Question 2

What does the Therapeutic range represent?

Answer 2

The relationship between Minimum Effective Concentration (MEC) and Minimum Toxic Concentration (MTC)

Question 3

What do we want to give our next dose to the patient?

Answer 3

During a trough or low point

Question 4

What is the highest concentration achieved during a dosing cycle?

Answer 4

Peak Concentration

Question 5

What is the equilibrium of rate of drug administration and elimination known as?

Answer 5

Steady State

Question 6

How long does it take to reach a Steady State?

Answer 6

5 doses

Question 7

What is the term for what the body does to the drug?

Answer 7

Pharmacokinetics

Question 8

What is the term for what the drug does to the body?

Answer 8

Pharmacodynamics

Question 9

What are the key processes of drug disposition?

Answer 9

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

Question 10

What is the most direct route for administering a drug?

Answer 10

Intravenous Delivery (IV)

Question 11

What is the most common route for delivering a drug?

Answer 11

Oral Administration

Question 12

What is Bioavailability?

Answer 12

Amount of drug absorbed relative to the quantity given

Question 13

Where are drugs absorbed from the small intestine transported to?

Answer 13

Liver by the portal vein

Question 14

Where do drugs go once in the bloodstream?

Answer 14

Some stay in the plasma
Others go to tissue

Question 15

What does Distribution patters of a drug depend on?

Answer 15

Molecular size
Degree of Ionization
Lipid Solubility
Extent of Protein Binding
Body Composition

Question 16

What is the free fraction of drug considered as?

Answer 16

Active Component

Question 17

Why are metabolites easily excreted by the kidney or the liver?

Answer 17

They are usually more polar and water soluble

Question 18

What are the major routes of excretion?

Answer 18

Kidney into urine
Liver into bile and feces

Question 19

What are other pathways of excretion of metabolites?

Answer 19

Skin
Lungs
Mammary Glands
Salivary Glands

Question 20

How does a TDM program improve quality of life?

Answer 20

Optimizing Dose
Supporting Compliance
Minimizing Toxicity

Question 21

What is baseline therapeutic concentration used over time for?

Answer 21

Assess compliance
Address changes
Maintain optimal dosing

Question 22

What are the categories of TDM drugs?

Answer 22

Antiepileptic
Antimicrobial
Antineoplastic
Cardioactive
Psychoactive
Bronchodilators

Question 23

What are some prevalent Neurologic disorders?

Answer 23

Epilepsy
Convulsions
Seizures

Question 24

What are some common Antiepileptic drugs?

Answer 24

Phenobarbital
Phenytoin
Valproic Acid

Question 25

What does TDM include for antibiotics?

Answer 25

Aminoglycosides Vanomycin

Question 26

Which is a gram negative bacteria?

Answer 26

Aminoglycosides

Question 27

Which is a gram positive cocci and bacilli?

Answer 27

Vancomycin

Question 28

What is an Antineoplastic drug that offers benefic to a therapeutic regimen?

Answer 28

Methotrexate

Question 29

What are the major Cardioactive drugs?

Answer 29

Cardiac Glycoside Digoxin Antiarrhythmic Agents

Question 30

What is obtained from Digitalis that is used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and Arryhythmias?

Answer 30

Digoxin

Question 31

What is the most common serious Arrhythmia?

Answer 31

Atrial Fibrilliation

Question 32

Quinidine, Procainamide, and Disopyramide are all what?

Answer 32

Common Antiarrhythmic agents

Question 33

What are two classes of Psychoactive drugs?

Answer 33

Tricyclic Antidepressants Neuroleptic Agents

Question 34

What is the most common Neuroleptic?

Answer 34

Lithium

Question 35

Bronchodilators are used in the treatment of what?

Answer 35

Breathing Disorders

Question 36

Theophylline and Caffeine and are what?

Answer 36

Bronchodilators