THERAPEUTIC DIETS Flashcards
a diet that includes all foods and meets the nutrients needs of healthy people.
Regular diet or Standard diet
A diet that is altered by changing food consistency or nutrient content or by including or eliminating specific foods
modified diet or therapeutic diet
Are changes made during food preparation, processing and consumption to increase the bioavailability of micronutrients and reduce micronutrient deficiencies . (beck and heath 2013)
DIETARY MODIFICATION
What are the 4 classification of modified diets
consistency , nutrient content, quantity, special method of feeding
What type of consistency is this: nutritionally inadequate and should only be used for short periods of time.
LIQUID DIET
WHAT TYPE OF CONSISTENCY IS THIS: WATER, APPLE OR GRAPE JUICE, FAT FREE BROTHS, PLAIN GELATIN, POPSICLES, GINGER ALE, TEA, COFFEE
CLEAR LIQUID DIET
clear liquid diet plus strained soups and cereals, fruit and vegetable juices, yogurt, hot cocoa, custard, ice cream, pudding, sherbet, and eggnog
FULL LIQUID DIET
Similar to regular diet but foods must require little chewing and be easy to digest
SOFT DIET
diet is modified in consistency so that food does not have to be chewed, easy to swallow
foods must be of pudding like consistency
PUREED DIET
all called as dental diet
it includes foods which are easy to chew and swallow
no restriction on seasoning or method od preparation.
Food may be modified by
Such as mashing, blendrizing or chopping
MECHANICAL SOFT DIET
similar to the soft diet
also includes - simple salads, fruit salads, and paneer
LIGHT DIET OR GENERAL HOSPITAL DIET
is any diet in which the protein intake is reduced. anyone diagnosed with kidney or liver disease may be prescribed a ____ diet.
low protein diet
Adolescents who need additional growth, pregnant or lactating women, before and or after surgery, pts suffering from burns, fevers or infections.
HIGH PROTEIN DIET
- Restricts foods containing cholesterol
- used for pts with atherosclerosis and heart disease
- limit foods high in saturated fats such as beef, liver pork, lamb, egg yolk etc.
LOW CHOLESTEROL DIET
Used for pts with cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension or congestive heart disease, kidney disease and edema
Sodium restricted diet (low sodium or low salt diet)
Used for pts with gallbladder and liver disease, obesity, and certain heart diseases
Avoid cream, whole milk, cheese, fats, fatty meats, rich desserts, chocolate, fried foods, salad dressings, nuts and coconut
fat restricted or low fat diet
are use to reduce blood pressure in hypertension and t promote the loss of excess fluids in edema due to cardiovascular or renal disease and in ascites due to hepatic disease
sodium controlled diets
is the term for high blood pressure
Identified when a blood pressure is sustained at >130/80 mmHg
hypertension
DASH DIET STANDS FOR?
DIETARY APPROACHED TO STOP HYPERTENSION
Diet contains exchange lists
Goods are grouped according to type, nutrients and calories
Pts are allowed a certain number of items from each exchange list according to individual needs
DIABETIC DIET / CARBOHYDRATE - CONTROLLED DIETS FOR DIABETES MELLITUS
Many individuals are unaware they have disease
6th leading cause of death in US
contributes to other life threatening conditions
DIABETES MELLITUS
Give some symptoms of diabetes (8 kabilog)
frequent urination
dehydration
increased thirst
weight loss
increased hunger
blurred vision
increased infections
fatigue
Made of single or double sugar molecules
- fruit
- dairy products
simple carbohydrates
made of longer chains of sugar molecules
- whole grains
- legumes
- starchy and non - starchy veggies
complex carbohydrates
Used for pts who are overweight. Avoid or limit high calories foods such as: butter, cream, whole milk, cream soups or gravies.
low calorie diet
Used for pts who are underweight, or who have anorexia nervosa, hyoerthyroidism, or cancer
high calorie diet
refers to the practice of managing the amount of food you consume at each meal or snack
portion control
for pts w conditions such as kidney disease or heart failure to prevent fluid build up in the body
fluid restricted diet
fiber can be modified in 2 ways:
high fiber diet & low fiber diet
used to prevent & treat constipation. also prescribed in obesity to increased the volume of food
high fiber diet
prescribed during acute infections of the GI tract. such as ulcerative colitis, severe diarrhea
low fiber diet
Provision of nutrients using GI tract, including tube feedings & oral diets
enteral nutrition
Is the provision of nutrients to patients who cannot meet their nutritional requirements by eating standard diets.
nutrition support
2 types of nutritional support
enteral & parenteral
delivery of nutrients into GI tract through a tube
enteral
delivery of nutrients into blood stam intravenously
parenteral
Is a tube inserted through a small incision in the abdomen into the stomach and is used for LONG Term enteral nutrition
GASTRIC FEEDING TUBE
is a medical process involving the insertion of a plastic tube through the nose, past the throat and down into the stomach
nasogastric intubation
What are the 4 types of enteral formulas?
standard formula
hydrolyzed formula
disease - specific formulas
modular formulas
for patients who can digest & absorb nutrients without difficulty; contains protein & carbohydrate sources
Standard formula
used for patients with
compromised digestive or absorptive
functions— macronutrients are partially or
fully broken down & require little, if any,
digestion before absorption
Hydrolyzed formula
designed to meet
nutrient needs of patients with particular
disorders: liver, kidney, lung diseases, glucose
intolerance, metabolic stress
Disease specific formulas
contain only one or two
macronutrients; used to enhance other
formulas
Modular formulas
requires formula to be transferred from original packaging to feeding container
open feeding system
Formula prepackaged in ready to use containers
closed feeding system
delivery of prescribed volume over 20-40 minutes at scheduled
interval
intermittent feeding
slow delivery at constant rate over 8-24 hour period
Continuous feeding
delivery of large amount of
liquid in less than 15-20 minutes few times a
day
Bolus feeding
2 main forms of parenteral nutrition
peripheral parenteral nutrition and central total parenteral nutrition
– Can only provide limited amounts of energy &
protein
– Peripheral veins can be damaged by overly
concentrated solutions
– Limited to patients who do not have high nutrient
needs or fluid restrictions
– Used most often for short-term nutrition support
(7-10 days)
– Rotation of vein sites may be necessary
Peripheral parenteral nutrition and and (PPN)
– Can reliably meet complete nutrient
requirements
– Provides nutrient-dense solutions for
patients with high nutrient needs or fluid
restrictions
– Preferred for long-term intravenous
feedings
– Inserted directly into a large central vein
or into central vein via peripheral vein
TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION (TPN)
