- avoid use if info is urgent to clients health, highly confidential, or potentially distressing or confusing - agency standards - Email consent form - part of clients med records - professional judgement

Therapeutic Communication Flashcards by Enrique Castro

A critical nursing skill to gather data, teach, persuade, and express care and comfort

Communication

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An interaction between 2 or more
people
A process to……
Influence
Obtain info
includes verbal and nonverbal methods
includes self talk

Communication

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Components of Communication

Sender
Message
Channel
Receiver
Response

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Different modes of communication

Verbal
Nonverbal
Electronic

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Identify Different modes of communication
- spoken or written

Verbal Communication

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Verbal Communication Considerations

Pace and intonation
Simplicity
Clarity and brevity
Timing and Relevance
Adaptability
Credibility
Humor

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Identify Different modes of communication
- uses gestures, facial expressions, and touch
- conveys meaning more effectively than words

Nonverbal Communication

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Considerations for Nonverbal Communication

Posture and Gait
Personal Appearance
Facial Expression
Gestures depending on ones culture

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Identify Different modes of communication
- uses technology

Electronic Communication

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Advantages of Email

Fast, efficient
Provides record
can improve comms and continuity of care

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Disadvantages of Email

Risk to client confidentiality
Socioeconomics or lack of funds
May not enhance comms skill with all

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Guidelines for email

avoid use if info is urgent to clients health, highly confidential, or potentially distressing or confusing
agency standards
Email consent form
part of clients med records
professional judgement

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Factors Influencing Communication

Development
Gender
Values and Perception
Personal Space
Territoriality
Roles and Relationship
Environment
Congruence
Interpersonal Attitudes

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Identify Factors Influencing Communication
- knowledge of clients stage of development

Development

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Identify Factors Influencing Communication
- girls seek confirmation, minimize differences, and establish intimacy
- boys establish independence and negotiate state within group

Gender

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Identify Factors Influencing Communication
- standards that influence behavior
- personal view of an event

Values and Perception

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Identify Factors Influencing Communication
- Intimate: 1 to 1.5 feet
- Personal: 1 to 4 feet
- Social: 4 to 12 feet
- Public: 12 to 15 feet

Personal Space

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Identify Factors Influencing Communication
- things that individual considers as belonging to self including space

Territoriality

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Identify Factors Influencing Communication
- between the sender and reciever

Roles and Relationships

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Identify Factors Influencing Communication
- privacy
- effective comms only occur in comfortable environments

Environment

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Identify Factors Influencing Communication
- verbal and nonverbal aspects of the message match

Congruence

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Identify Factors Influencing Communication
- caring and warmth
- respect
- Elder Speak
- acceptance
- boundaries

Interpersonal Attitudes

Importance of Therapeutic Communication

Promotes Understanding
Establishes Constructive relationships
Attentive Listening
Visibility Tuning In

Communication Techniques

Using Silence
Provides General Needs
Being Specific and Tentative
Using Open-Ended Questions
Using Touch
Restating or Paraphrasing
Seeking Clarification
Perception Checking
Offering Self
Giving Info
Acknowledging
Clarifying Time or Sequence
Presenting Reality
Focusing
Reflecting
Summarizing and Planning

Identify Communication Techniques - accepting pauses or silence for few minutes or seconds - allow client to verbalize more - allow client to talk

Using Silence

Identify Communication Techniques - use statements or questions to promote client verbalization - to facilitate conversation

Providing General Needs

Identify Communication Techniques - provide specific Statements but are not absolute

Being Specific and Tentative

Identify Communication Techniques - asking broad questions - invites client to explore more to give right statement to describe situation - not answerable with yes or no - answered only by statements

Using Open Ended Questions

Identify Communication Techniques - provide appropriate forms of care - be sensitive to differences of attitude and culture of client when in use

Using touch

Identify Communication Techniques - shows active listening - repeating the same thoughts and emotions in a similar way - gives patient time to reflect on what he or she said

Restating Or Paraphrasing

Identify Communication Techniques - making clients broad statements more understandable - used when paraphrasing is useless and comms garbled - ask to client to restate message - nurse clarify own statements with statements

Seeking Clarification

Identify Communication Techniques - verifies specific meaning of word/s

Perception Checking

Identify Communication Techniques - suggesting one's presence, interest, or wish to understand client - done without making any demands or attaching conditions that client must comply

Offering Self

Identify Communication Techniques - simple direct specific factual info the client may or may not request - if info not known, state who has this info

Giving Info

Identify Communication Techniques - giving recognition in nonjudgmental way to clients efforts - done verbally or nonverbally

Acknowledging

Identify Communication Techniques - help clarify event, situation, or happening in monitoring time

Clarifying Time and Sequence

Identify Communication Techniques - helping client differentiate real from the unreal

Presenting Reality

Identify Communication Techniques - helping client expand or develop topic of importance - nurse must first wait for client to state main concern before attempting it - may be idea or feeling

Focusing

Identify Communication Techniques - directing ideas, feelings, questions, or content back to the client - enables client to explore their own ideas and feelings

Reflecting

Identify Communication Techniques - stating main points to clarify relevant points of discussion - useful at the end of an interview or review health teaching session - act as introduction to future care planning

Summarizing and Planning

Guidelines for visibly tuning in to Clients LOSER

Lean towards person Open Stance Squarely Face person maintain Eye contact Relaxed

Barriers to Communication

Failure to listen Improper decoding Nurse place own needs first Stereotyping Agreeing and disagreeing Being Defensive Challenging Probing Testing Rejecting Changing topics and subjects False reassurance Passing Judgement Giving Common Advice

Identify Barriers to Communication - generalizing and oversimplified beliefs about a group

Stereotyping

Identify Barriers to Communication - not neutral - nurse acts like a judge - may cause client to be defensive - will limit clients options

Agreeing and Disagreeing

Identify Barriers to Communication - attempting to protect person or health care services from negative comments - prevent client from expressing true concerns

Being Defensive

Identify Barriers to Communication - giving response that makes client prove their statement - makes client defend their position - nurse fails to consider clients feelings

Challenging

Identify Barriers to Communication - asking info out of curiosity - prying into client's privacy - uses why questions - places client in defensive situation

Probing

Identify Barriers to Communication - use questions that make client admit to something - meets nurse's needs rather than client - permits limited answers client can give

Testing

Identify Barriers to Communication - rejecting client's concerns

Rejecting

Identify Barriers to Communication - directing communication into areas of self interest

changing topics and subjects

Identify Barriers to Communication - use cliche or comforting statements as means to reassure client - blocks fears, feelings, and other thoughts of client

False reassurance

Identify Barriers to Communication - giving opinions and advice in clinical setting - disapproving or approving responses - giving directions

Passing Judgement

Identify Barriers to Communication - what is true for you, may not be true for others - any statement not backed up by any research

Giving Common Advice