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Fundamentals of Nursing Lec > Asepsis and Infection Control > Flashcards

Asepsis and Infection Control Flashcards

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1
Q

freedom from disease-causing
microorganisms

A

Asepsis

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2
Q

Two types of Asepsis

A
  1. Medical Asepsis/clean technique
  2. Surgical asepsis/aseptic technique
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3
Q

Types of Asepsis
- all practices intended to confine a specific microorganism to an
area.

A

Medical Asepsis/clean technique

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4
Q

Types of Asepsis
- practices that
keep an area or object free from all microorganism

A

Surgical asepsis/aseptic technique

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5
Q

state of infection and can take many forms, including septic shock

A

Sepsis

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6
Q

Types of microorganisms
that cause infections has 4 Categories

A
  1. BACTERIA
  2. Viruses
  3. FUNGI
  4. PARASITES
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7
Q

4 Categories of microorganisms that cause infections
- most-common infection-causing microorganism
- Can be transported
through air, water, food, soil, body tissues and fluids, and inanimate
objects

A

BACTERIA

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8
Q

4 Categories of microorganisms that cause infections
- Consist primarily of nucleic acid
- Must enter living cells in order to reproduce

A

Viruses

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9
Q

Common examples of viruses

A
  • Rhinovirus (colds)
  • Hepatitis
  • Herpes
  • HIV
  • SARS-CoV-2 or Covid 2
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10
Q

4 Categories of microorganisms that cause infections
- Yeasts and molds

A

FUNGI

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11
Q
  • fungus that lives on your body in small amounts, located in your mouth, skin and intestines
A

Candida albicans

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12
Q

4 Categories of microorganisms that cause infections
- Live on other living organisms
- they are Protozoas

A

PARASITES

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13
Q

Examples of Parasites

A
  • Malaria
  • Helminths (worms)
  • Anthropods (mites, fleas, ticks)
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14
Q

it is when microorganisms invades a certain body part where the host’s defense
mechanisms are ineffective; pathogens causes tissue damage

A

INFECTION

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15
Q

TYPES OF INFECTIONS

A
  1. Local
  2. Systemic
  3. Acute
  4. Chronic
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16
Q

Identify the type of infection
- Limited to a specific part of the body

A

Local

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17
Q

Identify the type of infection
- The microorganism spread and damage different body parts

A

Systemic

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18
Q

Identify the type of infection
- sudden
- Last a short time

A

Acute

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19
Q

Identify the type of infection
- Slowly
- May last months or years

A

Chronic

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20
Q

Examples of infection
- blood culture
is (+) of microorganisms

A

Bacteremia

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21
Q

Examples of infection
- bacteremia
resulting in systemic
infection

A

Septicemia

22
Q
  • Associated with the deliver of health care services in a health care facility
  • can be Endogenous or exogenous
A

NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS

23
Q

Common microorganisms associated with NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS

A
  • Escherichia coli
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • enterococci
24
Q
  • Infection that is a Direct result of
    diagnostic or therapeutic infections
  • Common example: IV
    infiltration or
    extravasation
A

IATROGENIC INFECTION

25
Q

Fact

A

NOT ALL NOSOCOMIAL
INFECTIONS ARE IATROGENIC,
NOR ARE ALL NOSOCOMIAL
INFECTIONS PREVENTABLE.

26
Q

CHAIN OF INFECTION

A
  1. Biological Agent
  2. Reservoir - source of microorganisms
  3. Portal of Exit
  4. Mode of Transmission
  5. Portal of Entry
  6. Susceptible Host
  7. cycle repeats
27
Q

3 ways microorganisms can travel

A
  1. Direct Transmission
  2. Indirect Transmission
  3. Airborne Transmission
28
Q

Identify which of the 3 ways microorganisms can travel is being described
- Immediate and direct transfer; or if the source and host are 3 feet of each other
- touching, biting,
kissing, sexual
intercourse
- Sneezing, coughing,
spitting, talking

A

Direct Transmission

29
Q

Identify which of the 3 ways microorganisms can travel is being described
- vehicle-born or
vector-borne

A

Indirect Transmission

30
Q

Indirect Transmission can be…..

A
  • Vehicle-born transmission
  • Vector-borne transmission
31
Q

substance that serves as an intermediate means to transport /introduce an infectious agent.

Note: inanimate objects or materials

A

Vehicle-borne

32
Q

animal or insect that serves as an intermediate means to transport an infectious agent.

A

Vector-borne

33
Q

CATEGORIES of body defenses

A
  • Nonspecific Defenses
  • Specific Defenses
34
Q

2 Nonspecific defenses

A
  • Anatomic and Physiologic Barriers
  • Inflammatory Response
35
Q

Anatomic and Physiologic Barriers

A

-Intact skin and mucous membranes
-Nasal passages: cilia
-Body orifice: saliva
-Eye: tears
-Stomach: high acidity
-Vagina: Lactobacilli

36
Q

defensive response of the tissues to an injurious or infectious agent

A

Inflammation

37
Q

5 signs of Inflammatory Response

A
  1. Pain
  2. Swelling
  3. Redness
  4. Heat
  5. Impaired function of the part, if severe.
38
Q

2 SPECIFIC DEFENSE

A
  • Antibody-Mediated Defenses
  • Cell-mediated defenses/cellular immunity
39
Q

Antibody-Mediated Defenses

A

Antibodies/Immunoglobulins
-part of body’s plasma proteins.
-major types: active and passive

40
Q

Host produces antibodies in response to artificial antigens (vaccines) or natural antigens (infectious microorganisms)

A

Active Immunity

41
Q

-Acquired Immunity
-The host receives natural (e.g., from a nursing mother) or artificial (e.g., from an immune serum) antibodies produced by another source.

A

Passive Immunity

42
Q

Cell-mediated defenses/cellular immunity

A

-lymphoid tissues release large numbers of
activated T cells into the lymph system.
-these T cells pass into the general circulation

43
Q

FACTORS INCREASING SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INFECTION

A
  1. Age
  2. Heredity
  3. Level of Stress
  4. Nutritional Status
  5. Current medical therapy
  6. Preexisting medical process
44
Q

Antiseptic and Disinfectant are both ___________

A

have bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties.
45

45
Q

DISINFECTING AND STERILIZING
- used on skin or tissue

A

Antiseptic

46
Q

DISINFECTING AND STERILIZING
- used on inanimate objects

A

Disinfectant

47
Q

DISINFECTING AND STERILIZING
- destroys all microorganisms

A

Sterilization

48
Q

Methods of Sterilization

A
  • Moist Heat
  • Gas
  • Boiling Water
  • Radiation
49
Q

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

A

✗Gloves
✗Gowns
✗Mask
✗Eyewear

50
Q

TRANSMISSION-BASED PRECAUTION
- Airborne Precaution

A
  • Private room that has a negative pressure; room with another client infected with the same microorganism
  • N95 respirator
  • surgical mask on the patient during transport
51
Q

TRANSMISSION-BASED PRECAUTION
- Droplet Precaution

A
  • Private room; room with another client infected with the same microorganism
  • mask if working within 3 feet
  • surgical mask on the patient during transport
52
Q

TRANSMISSION-BASED PRECAUTION
- Contact Precaution

A
  • Private room; room with another client infected with the same microorganism
  • gloves; gown if with possibility of contact with infected surfaces

Fundamentals of Nursing Lec (11 decks)

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