Asepsis and Infection Control Flashcards
freedom from disease-causing
microorganisms
Asepsis
Two types of Asepsis
- Medical Asepsis/clean technique
- Surgical asepsis/aseptic technique
Types of Asepsis
- all practices intended to confine a specific microorganism to an
area.
Medical Asepsis/clean technique
Types of Asepsis
- practices that
keep an area or object free from all microorganism
Surgical asepsis/aseptic technique
state of infection and can take many forms, including septic shock
Sepsis
Types of microorganisms
that cause infections has 4 Categories
- BACTERIA
- Viruses
- FUNGI
- PARASITES
4 Categories of microorganisms that cause infections
- most-common infection-causing microorganism
- Can be transported
through air, water, food, soil, body tissues and fluids, and inanimate
objects
BACTERIA
4 Categories of microorganisms that cause infections
- Consist primarily of nucleic acid
- Must enter living cells in order to reproduce
Viruses
Common examples of viruses
- Rhinovirus (colds)
- Hepatitis
- Herpes
- HIV
- SARS-CoV-2 or Covid 2
4 Categories of microorganisms that cause infections
- Yeasts and molds
FUNGI
- fungus that lives on your body in small amounts, located in your mouth, skin and intestines
Candida albicans
4 Categories of microorganisms that cause infections
- Live on other living organisms
- they are Protozoas
PARASITES
Examples of Parasites
- Malaria
- Helminths (worms)
- Anthropods (mites, fleas, ticks)
it is when microorganisms invades a certain body part where the host’s defense
mechanisms are ineffective; pathogens causes tissue damage
INFECTION
TYPES OF INFECTIONS
- Local
- Systemic
- Acute
- Chronic
Identify the type of infection
- Limited to a specific part of the body
Local
Identify the type of infection
- The microorganism spread and damage different body parts
Systemic
Identify the type of infection
- sudden
- Last a short time
Acute
Identify the type of infection
- Slowly
- May last months or years
Chronic
Examples of infection
- blood culture
is (+) of microorganisms
Bacteremia
Examples of infection
- bacteremia
resulting in systemic
infection
Septicemia
- Associated with the deliver of health care services in a health care facility
- can be Endogenous or exogenous
NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS
Common microorganisms associated with NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS
- Escherichia coli
- Staphylococcus aureus
- enterococci
- Infection that is a Direct result of
diagnostic or therapeutic infections - Common example: IV
infiltration or
extravasation
IATROGENIC INFECTION
Fact
NOT ALL NOSOCOMIAL
INFECTIONS ARE IATROGENIC,
NOR ARE ALL NOSOCOMIAL
INFECTIONS PREVENTABLE.
CHAIN OF INFECTION
- Biological Agent
- Reservoir - source of microorganisms
- Portal of Exit
- Mode of Transmission
- Portal of Entry
- Susceptible Host
- cycle repeats
3 ways microorganisms can travel
- Direct Transmission
- Indirect Transmission
- Airborne Transmission
Identify which of the 3 ways microorganisms can travel is being described
- Immediate and direct transfer; or if the source and host are 3 feet of each other
- touching, biting,
kissing, sexual
intercourse
- Sneezing, coughing,
spitting, talking
Direct Transmission
Identify which of the 3 ways microorganisms can travel is being described
- vehicle-born or
vector-borne
Indirect Transmission
Indirect Transmission can be…..
- Vehicle-born transmission
- Vector-borne transmission
substance that serves as an intermediate means to transport /introduce an infectious agent.
Note: inanimate objects or materials
Vehicle-borne
animal or insect that serves as an intermediate means to transport an infectious agent.
Vector-borne
CATEGORIES of body defenses
- Nonspecific Defenses
- Specific Defenses
2 Nonspecific defenses
- Anatomic and Physiologic Barriers
- Inflammatory Response
Anatomic and Physiologic Barriers
-Intact skin and mucous membranes
-Nasal passages: cilia
-Body orifice: saliva
-Eye: tears
-Stomach: high acidity
-Vagina: Lactobacilli
defensive response of the tissues to an injurious or infectious agent
Inflammation
5 signs of Inflammatory Response
- Pain
- Swelling
- Redness
- Heat
- Impaired function of the part, if severe.
2 SPECIFIC DEFENSE
- Antibody-Mediated Defenses
- Cell-mediated defenses/cellular immunity
Antibody-Mediated Defenses
Antibodies/Immunoglobulins
-part of body’s plasma proteins.
-major types: active and passive
Host produces antibodies in response to artificial antigens (vaccines) or natural antigens (infectious microorganisms)
Active Immunity
-Acquired Immunity
-The host receives natural (e.g., from a nursing mother) or artificial (e.g., from an immune serum) antibodies produced by another source.
Passive Immunity
Cell-mediated defenses/cellular immunity
-lymphoid tissues release large numbers of
activated T cells into the lymph system.
-these T cells pass into the general circulation
FACTORS INCREASING SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INFECTION
- Age
- Heredity
- Level of Stress
- Nutritional Status
- Current medical therapy
- Preexisting medical process
Antiseptic and Disinfectant are both ___________
have bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties.
45
DISINFECTING AND STERILIZING
- used on skin or tissue
Antiseptic
DISINFECTING AND STERILIZING
- used on inanimate objects
Disinfectant
DISINFECTING AND STERILIZING
- destroys all microorganisms
Sterilization
Methods of Sterilization
- Moist Heat
- Gas
- Boiling Water
- Radiation
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
✗Gloves
✗Gowns
✗Mask
✗Eyewear
TRANSMISSION-BASED PRECAUTION
- Airborne Precaution
- Private room that has a negative pressure; room with another client infected with the same microorganism
- N95 respirator
- surgical mask on the patient during transport
TRANSMISSION-BASED PRECAUTION
- Droplet Precaution
- Private room; room with another client infected with the same microorganism
- mask if working within 3 feet
- surgical mask on the patient during transport
TRANSMISSION-BASED PRECAUTION
- Contact Precaution
- Private room; room with another client infected with the same microorganism
- gloves; gown if with possibility of contact with infected surfaces
