Therapeutic and Fad Diets

Question 1

how can weight loss decrease SBP

Answer 1

5-20 per 22 pounds of weight loss

Question 2

how can DASh eating plan decrease SBP

Answer 2

8-14

Question 3

how can reduced sodium decrease SBP

Answer 3

2-8

Question 4

can can physical activity decrease SBP

Answer 4

4-9

Question 5

how can mod. alcohol consumption decrease SBP

Answer 5

2-4

Question 6

DASH diet

Answer 6

Emphasizes foods high in nutrients, such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, and fiber

High in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy

Reduction in total fat and saturated fat

Reduction in sodium (1)

Question 7

Daily nutrient goals in DASH?

1. Total Fat
2. Saturated Fats
3. Protein
4. Carbohydrates
5. Cholesterol
6. Sodium
7. Potassium
8. Calcium
9. Magnesium
10. Fiber

Answer 7

1. 27% of calories
2. 6% of calories
3. 18% of calories
4. 55% of calories
5. 150 mg
6. 2300 mg
7. 4700 mg
8. 1250 mg
9. 500 mg
10. 30 grams

Question 8

DASH diet servings of fruits and veggies

Answer 8

4-5

Question 9

DASH diet servings of grains

Answer 9

6-8

Question 10

DASH diet servings of dairy product

Answer 10

2-3

Question 11

DASH diet servings of meats, poultry, fish

Answer 11

6 servings or less (1oz)

Question 12

DASH diet servings of nuts, seeds, legumes

Answer 12

4-5 servings

Question 13

DASH diet servings of oils/fats (saturated)

Answer 13

2-3

Question 14

DASH diet servings of sweets and added sugar

Answer 14

5 or less per week

Question 15

Dash diet:

___ is the lowest sodium restriction to improve health outcomes in certain populations

Answer 15

2300 mg

Question 16

2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans states reducing sodium to 1 in adults with prehypertension and hypertension would be beneficial

Downside to 2 mg: patient compliance, cannot meet 27 key nutrients (3)

Answer 16

1. 1500

2. 1500

Question 17

On Nutrition Facts label, look for foods that are 1% or less of DV for sodium. Foods with 2% or more DV of sodium are considered high

Answer 17

1. 5%

2. 20%

Question 18

when is DASH diet not recommended

Answer 18

stage 3 or stage 4 CKD due to high potassium and phosphorus content

Question 19

DASH diet has Increased risk of 1 in elderly with diagnosis of diabetes, ESRD, 2 insufficiency, severe heart failure, 3 insufficiency

Answer 19

1. hyperkalemia
2. chronic renal
3. adrenal

Question 20

DASH diet has Increased risk of hyperkalemia if one or more medications are taken that impair ______ (potassium supplements, NSAIDS, ACE inhibitors, potassium sparing diuretics, angiotensin receptor blockers, beta blockers)

Answer 20

potassium excretion

Question 21

major risk factors for heart disease

Answer 21

High total and LDL cholesterol levels, and high triglyceride levels

Question 22

Heart Healthy Diet:

Total fat is no longer limited but recommendations are to reduce 1 and avoid 2

Weight loss recommended for those who are overweight or obese

Focus on 3 vs focusing on a single nutrient

Answer 22

1. saturated fats
2. trans fat
3. healthy eating pattern

Question 23

Heart healthy diets includes 2 servings of ____ weekly

Answer 23

Fish or seafood

Question 24

partially hydrogenated oils are what kind of fat?

what diet in particular should avoid this

Answer 24

trans fat

heart healthy diet

Question 25

Diet for Diabetes: _1_ has the greatest impact on blood glucose Strictly limiting CHO found in fruits or whole grains and eating high saturated fats or sodium _2_ promote optimal health

Answer 25

1. Carbohydrate | 2. will not

Question 26

Carb sources

Answer 26

``` Fruits, Nonstarchy vegetables, Starchy vegetables, Grains, Beans, Dairy ```

Question 27

American Diabetes Association recommends that people with diabetes eat no fewer than ___ grams CHO per day

Answer 27

130

Question 28

Fats: Eating fat at meals can promote feeling of _1_ Focus on _2_ and _3_ fats Limit _4_ fats and avoid _5_ fats Unsaturated fats may improve _6_

Answer 28

1. fullness 2. polyunsaturated 3. monounsaturated 4. saturated 5. trans 6. glucose metabolism

Question 29

Plate method for diets for diabetes?

Answer 29

Protein: ¼ plate Starch or grain: ¼ plate Vegetables: ½ plate (nonstarchy) - May add ½ cup fruit or glass of milk - Healthy fats in moderation: olive oil to vegetables, vinaigrette salad dressing, avocado

Question 30

Obesity is treats with a combination of what?

Answer 30

diet and behavior therapy

Question 31

how long should weight management last?

Answer 31

6 months or until patient reaches goal weight

Question 32

Weight management: Positive outcomes include: Promoting weight loss by reducing caloric needs by _1_ calories per day Achieving optimal serum _2_ values Prevent long-term complications of HTN, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes Improving overall health

Answer 32

1. 500-1000 calories | 2. lipid

Question 33

Calorie levels

Answer 33

1. 1200 | 2. 1500

Question 34

A ____% weight loss is a reasonable goal to help improve blood sugars, blood pressure, and lipids

Answer 34

5 to 10

Question 35

Average weight loss of _1_ pounds per week. Rapid weight loss increases likelihood of _2_

Answer 35

1. 1-2 | 2. regaining weight

Question 36

Minimum recommendation for exercise

Answer 36

minimum of 30 minutes of moderate exercise (brisk walking) at least 5x weekly

Question 37

in gluten free diet what cannot be eaten

Answer 37

wheat rye barley

Question 38

Gluten Free Diet for Weight Loss?

Answer 38

no evidence

Question 39

what is the ketogenic diet used to tx

Answer 39

difficult to control seizures in children

Question 40

keto diet: _1_% fat _2_% protein _3_% carbs

Answer 40

1. 80 2. 15 3. 5

Question 41

Ketogenic diet can be hard on what organ

Answer 41

liver

Question 42

Pros of juice fasts

Answer 42

good way to get fruits and vegetables in diet

Question 43

cons of juice fasts

Answer 43

easily tempted to cheat, restricts protein and fat, no research shows it detoxes or reduces risk of heart disease or cancer

Question 44

explain intermittent fasting

Answer 44

Eating pattern that cycles between fasting and eating Doesn’t specify what foods to eat but when to eat them Daily 16 hour fasts or 24 hour fasts 2x weekly

Question 45

Intermittent fasting claims to improve what

Answer 45

insulin sensitivity and cellular repair

Question 46

Fad diets: In general, they promise _1_ weight loss Difficult to sustain and weight is _2_ Low in _3_

Answer 46

1. quick 2. regained 3. nutrients