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Nutrition Exam 2 > Therapeutic and Fad Diets > Flashcards

Therapeutic and Fad Diets Flashcards

1
Q

how can weight loss decrease SBP

A

5-20 per 22 pounds of weight loss

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2
Q

how can DASh eating plan decrease SBP

A

8-14

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3
Q

how can reduced sodium decrease SBP

A

2-8

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4
Q

can can physical activity decrease SBP

A

4-9

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5
Q

how can mod. alcohol consumption decrease SBP

A

2-4

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6
Q

DASH diet

A

Emphasizes foods high in nutrients, such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, and fiber

High in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy

Reduction in total fat and saturated fat

Reduction in sodium (1)

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7
Q

Daily nutrient goals in DASH?

  1. Total Fat
  2. Saturated Fats
  3. Protein
  4. Carbohydrates
  5. Cholesterol
  6. Sodium
  7. Potassium
  8. Calcium
  9. Magnesium
  10. Fiber
A
  1. 27% of calories
  2. 6% of calories
  3. 18% of calories
  4. 55% of calories
  5. 150 mg
  6. 2300 mg
  7. 4700 mg
  8. 1250 mg
  9. 500 mg
  10. 30 grams
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8
Q

DASH diet servings of fruits and veggies

A

4-5

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9
Q

DASH diet servings of grains

A

6-8

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10
Q

DASH diet servings of dairy product

A

2-3

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11
Q

DASH diet servings of meats, poultry, fish

A

6 servings or less (1oz)

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12
Q

DASH diet servings of nuts, seeds, legumes

A

4-5 servings

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13
Q

DASH diet servings of oils/fats (saturated)

A

2-3

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14
Q

DASH diet servings of sweets and added sugar

A

5 or less per week

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15
Q

Dash diet:

___ is the lowest sodium restriction to improve health outcomes in certain populations

A

2300 mg

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16
Q

2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans states reducing sodium to 1 in adults with prehypertension and hypertension would be beneficial

Downside to 2 mg: patient compliance, cannot meet 27 key nutrients (3)

A
  1. 1500

2. 1500

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17
Q

On Nutrition Facts label, look for foods that are 1% or less of DV for sodium. Foods with 2% or more DV of sodium are considered high

A
  1. 5%

2. 20%

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18
Q

when is DASH diet not recommended

A

stage 3 or stage 4 CKD due to high potassium and phosphorus content

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19
Q

DASH diet has Increased risk of 1 in elderly with diagnosis of diabetes, ESRD, 2 insufficiency, severe heart failure, 3 insufficiency

A
  1. hyperkalemia
  2. chronic renal
  3. adrenal
20
Q

DASH diet has Increased risk of hyperkalemia if one or more medications are taken that impair ______ (potassium supplements, NSAIDS, ACE inhibitors, potassium sparing diuretics, angiotensin receptor blockers, beta blockers)

A

potassium excretion

21
Q

major risk factors for heart disease

A

High total and LDL cholesterol levels, and high triglyceride levels

22
Q

Heart Healthy Diet:

Total fat is no longer limited but recommendations are to reduce 1 and avoid 2

Weight loss recommended for those who are overweight or obese

Focus on 3 vs focusing on a single nutrient

A
  1. saturated fats
  2. trans fat
  3. healthy eating pattern
23
Q

Heart healthy diets includes 2 servings of ____ weekly

A

Fish or seafood

24
Q

partially hydrogenated oils are what kind of fat?

what diet in particular should avoid this

A

trans fat

heart healthy diet

25
Q

Diet for Diabetes:

1 has the greatest impact on blood glucose

Strictly limiting CHO found in fruits or whole grains and eating high saturated fats or sodium 2 promote optimal health

A
  1. Carbohydrate

2. will not

26
Q

Carb sources

A 
Fruits, 
Nonstarchy vegetables, 
Starchy vegetables, 
Grains,
Beans,
 Dairy
27
Q

American Diabetes Association recommends that people with diabetes eat no fewer than ___ grams CHO per day

A

130

28
Q

Fats:

Eating fat at meals can promote feeling of 1

Focus on 2 and 3 fats

Limit 4 fats and avoid 5 fats

Unsaturated fats may improve 6

A
  1. fullness
  2. polyunsaturated
  3. monounsaturated
  4. saturated
  5. trans
  6. glucose metabolism
29
Q

Plate method for diets for diabetes?

A

Protein: ¼ plate

Starch or grain: ¼ plate

Vegetables: ½ plate (nonstarchy)

  • May add ½ cup fruit or glass of milk
  • Healthy fats in moderation: olive oil to vegetables, vinaigrette salad dressing, avocado
30
Q

Obesity is treats with a combination of what?

A

diet and behavior therapy

31
Q

how long should weight management last?

A

6 months or until patient reaches goal weight

32
Q

Weight management:

Positive outcomes include:

Promoting weight loss by reducing caloric needs by 1 calories per day

Achieving optimal serum 2 values

Prevent long-term complications of HTN, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes

Improving overall health

A
  1. 500-1000 calories

2. lipid

33
Q

Calorie levels

A
  1. 1200

2. 1500

34
Q

A ____% weight loss is a reasonable goal to help improve blood sugars, blood pressure, and lipids

A

5 to 10

35
Q

Average weight loss of 1 pounds per week.

Rapid weight loss increases likelihood of 2

A
  1. 1-2

2. regaining weight

36
Q

Minimum recommendation for exercise

A

minimum of 30 minutes of moderate exercise (brisk walking) at least 5x weekly

37
Q

in gluten free diet what cannot be eaten

A

wheat

rye

barley

38
Q

Gluten Free Diet for Weight Loss?

A

no evidence

39
Q

what is the ketogenic diet used to tx

A

difficult to control seizures in children

40
Q

keto diet:

1% fat

2% protein

3% carbs

A
  1. 80
  2. 15
  3. 5
41
Q

Ketogenic diet can be hard on what organ

A

liver

42
Q

Pros of juice fasts

A

good way to get fruits and vegetables in diet

43
Q

cons of juice fasts

A

easily tempted to cheat,

restricts protein and fat,

no research shows it detoxes or reduces risk of heart disease or cancer

44
Q

explain intermittent fasting

A

Eating pattern that cycles between fasting and eating

Doesn’t specify what foods to eat but when to eat them

Daily 16 hour fasts or 24 hour fasts 2x weekly

45
Q

Intermittent fasting claims to improve what

A

insulin sensitivity and cellular repair

46
Q

Fad diets:

In general, they promise 1 weight loss

Difficult to sustain and weight is 2

Low in 3

A
  1. quick
  2. regained
  3. nutrients

Nutrition Exam 2 (3 decks)

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