Obesity and Malnutrition Flashcards
what BMI is underweight
<18.5
normal BMI
18.5-24.9
overweight BMI
25-29.9
obese BMI
> /+ 30.0
obese:
class 1 BMI
30 to < 35
obese:
class 2 BMI
35 to < 40
obese:
class 3 (extreme/severe) BMI
40 or higher
direct measures of body fat
Skinfold thickness measurements
Bioelectrical impedance
Underwater weighing
Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
Waist circumference:
Abdominal obesity strongly associated with an increased risk of what?
Type 2 diabetes
Cardiovascular disease
Death
what is the waist circumference for abdominal obesity in men and women?
Women: > 35 inches
Men: > 40 inches
the name for a group of risk factors that raises your risk for heart disease and other health problems, such as diabetes and stroke
metabolic syndrome
The presence of at least three of the five following risk factors constitutes a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome
what are the risk factors?
Criteria for Clinical Diagnosis of the Metabolic Syndrome:
- Elevated waist circumference: Women: > 35 inches, Men: > 40 inches
- Elevated triglycerides: ≥150 mg/dL
- Reduced HDL cholesterol: Women: <50 mg/dL, Men: <40 mg/dL
- Elevated blood pressure: Systolic ≥130 and/or diastolic ≥85 mm Hg
- Elevated fasting glucose: ≥100 mg/dL
if you eat 500 calories less a day how much weight will you loos in a week, month, and a year
week = 1 pound
month = 4-5 pounds
year = 52 pounds
proportion of adults that meet the 2008 physical activity guidelines?
1/5
recommended exercise in a week
2 hours and 30 minutes (150 minutes) of moderate-intensity aerobic activity (i.e., brisk walking) every week
Weight training muscle-strengthening activities on 2 or more days a week that work all major muscle groups (legs, hips, back, abdomen, chest, shoulders, and arms)
Definition: Inadequate intake of protein and/or energy over prolonged periods of time resulting in loss of fat and/or muscle stores
malnutrition
how is malnutrition diagnoses (academny of nutrition and diabetics)
recommends >/= 2 clinical characteristics or indicators present:
- Insufficient energy intake
- Weight loss
- Loss subcutaneous fat
- Loss of muscle mass
- Localized or generalized fluid accumulation that may sometimes mask weight loss
- Diminished functional status as measured by hand grip strength
what chronic disease-related issues can cause malnutrition
Organ failure
Pancreatic cancer
Rheumatoid arthritis
Sarcopenic obesity
acute diseases that can cause malnutrition
Major infection
Burns
Trauma
Closed head injury
the potentially fatal shifts in fluids and electrolytes that may occur in malnourished patients receiving artificial refeeding (whether enterally or parenterally)
refeeding syndrome
explain how refeeding syndrome occurs
Sudden availability of carbohydrate –> insulin secretion –> increased requirement of electrolytes –> rapid uptake from the bloodstream into the cells –> hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, and hypomagnesemia
Heart failure, edema, hyperventilation, neurological dysfunction
when refeeding a malnourished person what should you do to make sure refeeding syndrome does not occur
Check electrolytes –> supplement. Replete vitamin deficits. Slow advancement of feeding
