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Clare's lectures semester 2 > Theranostics > Flashcards

Theranostics Flashcards

1
Q

what does theranostics encompas?

A

imaging:

  • Ultrasound
  • MRI
  • Flourenscence

Therapy:

  • Drug release
  • Free radical formation
  • Hyperthermia
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2
Q

what is theranostics?

A
  • it is a combination of therapy and diagnosis
  • Theranostics uses specific biological pathways in the human body, to acquire diagnostic images and also to deliver a therapeutic dose of radiation to the patients
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3
Q

How are nano structured metals formed?

A
  • By reduction of metal salts
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4
Q

Give examples of common metal nanoparticles used?

A
  • Zinc
  • gold
  • silver
  • copper
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5
Q

extra small copper particles have strong electrocatalytic behaviour. TRUE OR False?

A

true

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6
Q

what are gold nanoparticles also known as?

A
  • Colloidal gold

- Nano gold

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7
Q

when colloidal gold is suspended in a fluid, the resulting colour is not depedent upon the size of the nanoparticle. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

FALSE

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8
Q

what colour are 2nm or smaller nanoparticles/

A
  • Bright red
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9
Q

what colour are nanoparticles when the size increases (50nm)?

A
  • Violent
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10
Q

gold nanoparticles can form different geometries including, rod, cubes and shells and spheres. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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11
Q

Gold nanoshells are difficult to visualise with transmission electron miscroscopy. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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12
Q

gold nanoparticles is used in manufacturing, nanotechnology and biomedical field. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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13
Q

In the field of biomed what are nanoparticles used for?

A
  • treatment of rheumatoid arthitis
  • Potential treatment for alzhemiers
  • Cancer treatment
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14
Q

What are gold particles renowed for in the nanoshell structure?

A
  • Chemical stability
  • Biocompatibility
  • Unqiue surface plasmon resonsace
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15
Q

what does the surface plasmon resonace allow it to do?

A

allows the gold particles to absorb and scatter near to infrared light

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16
Q

The effect of SPR absorbing light NIR wavelength causes an increase in temperature. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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17
Q

Colloidal gold irradiated with NIR can act as nanoheaters resulting in hyperthermia causing tumour cells to be ablated. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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18
Q

Nanoshells have been shown to be more effective as nanoheaters than nanoparticles. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

19
Q

Gold shells can be easily surface functionalised via chemical modification using polymers or targeting thiol groups. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

20
Q

What are magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles used for?

A
  • Detecting cellular level
  • MRI
  • Gene therapy
  • Targeted therapy
21
Q

What is the biological application of particular systems depedent upon?

A
  • Biocompatibility

- Stability

22
Q

Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles aggregrate easily due ot theur magnetic properties. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

23
Q

How are can issues of aggregation resolved with magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles?

A
  • Surface engineering by coating with polymers or silica
24
Q

There is an increase in safety concerns of using magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

25
Q

What is feridex?

A
  • It is a dextran coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle clinically adminsitered for MRI images
26
Q

Feridex has been withdrawn due to safety concerns. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

27
Q

In depth understanding of cellular state in response to nanoparticle exposure is utmost importance for using metallic nanostrutures in patients. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

28
Q

Platinum exhibits antitumoral effects. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

29
Q

What is the application of iron platinum nanoparticles?

A
  • Used as antitumoral therapeutics

- Used in MRI imaging

30
Q

What are quantum dots and what are they used for?

A
  • Luminescent nanoparticulates

- Used for tissue imaging, cellular labelling

31
Q

what are some properties of quantum dots?

A
  • High brightness
  • small size
  • versitile surface chemistry
  • Sensitivity to the environment
32
Q

Hybrid nanoparticles detect cellular level. TRUE OR FLASE?

A

TRUE

33
Q

What are hybdrid nanoparticles used for?

A
  • MRI
  • Targeted and gene therapy
  • Cell sorting
  • Biological detection
  • Drug delivery
34
Q

what are the advantages of magnetic nanoparticles?

A
  • Biocompatible
  • Chemically stable
  • SPR which results in heating effect
35
Q

Hybrid nanoparticles can be used for treatment of pancreatic cancer. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

36
Q

Describe the three different ways hybrid nanoparticles can be used to treat pancreatic cancer?

A

Type 1:
- Exploits nanoheaters (hyeprthermia)

Type 2:
- Targets molecules via thermosensitive linkers (uses water soluble drugs)

Type 3:
- Incorporates other drug carriers e.g amphiphilic polymers e.g dendrimers - uses insoluble drugs

37
Q

What is the only pancreatic cancer chemotherapy drug available?

A
  • Gemicibine
38
Q

Gemicibine has poor drug penetration. TRUE OR FLASE?

A

TRUE

39
Q

What is Bis-naphthalamides used for?

A
  • Chemotherapy agent

- DNA targeted anticancer drug which results in tumour retardation

40
Q

what is magnetomicelles or magnetosomes?

A
  • The inclusion of magnetic nanoparticles into liposomes to confer imagaing capabilities
41
Q

The incorporation of HNPs into intrinsic polymer structure allows for image guidance. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

42
Q

The combination of inorganic nanoparticles and drug molecules form theranostics. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

43
Q

Incorporation of inorganic nanoparticles into larger macromolecular systems confers added imaging capabilities forming theranostics. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

Clare's lectures semester 2 (10 decks)

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