Theranostics Flashcards
what does theranostics encompas?
imaging:
- Ultrasound
- MRI
- Flourenscence
Therapy:
- Drug release
- Free radical formation
- Hyperthermia
what is theranostics?
- it is a combination of therapy and diagnosis
- Theranostics uses specific biological pathways in the human body, to acquire diagnostic images and also to deliver a therapeutic dose of radiation to the patients
How are nano structured metals formed?
- By reduction of metal salts
Give examples of common metal nanoparticles used?
- Zinc
- gold
- silver
- copper
extra small copper particles have strong electrocatalytic behaviour. TRUE OR False?
true
what are gold nanoparticles also known as?
- Colloidal gold
- Nano gold
when colloidal gold is suspended in a fluid, the resulting colour is not depedent upon the size of the nanoparticle. TRUE OR FALSE?
FALSE
what colour are 2nm or smaller nanoparticles/
- Bright red
what colour are nanoparticles when the size increases (50nm)?
- Violent
gold nanoparticles can form different geometries including, rod, cubes and shells and spheres. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
Gold nanoshells are difficult to visualise with transmission electron miscroscopy. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
gold nanoparticles is used in manufacturing, nanotechnology and biomedical field. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
In the field of biomed what are nanoparticles used for?
- treatment of rheumatoid arthitis
- Potential treatment for alzhemiers
- Cancer treatment
What are gold particles renowed for in the nanoshell structure?
- Chemical stability
- Biocompatibility
- Unqiue surface plasmon resonsace
what does the surface plasmon resonace allow it to do?
allows the gold particles to absorb and scatter near to infrared light
The effect of SPR absorbing light NIR wavelength causes an increase in temperature. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
Colloidal gold irradiated with NIR can act as nanoheaters resulting in hyperthermia causing tumour cells to be ablated. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
Nanoshells have been shown to be more effective as nanoheaters than nanoparticles. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
Gold shells can be easily surface functionalised via chemical modification using polymers or targeting thiol groups. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
What are magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles used for?
- Detecting cellular level
- MRI
- Gene therapy
- Targeted therapy
What is the biological application of particular systems depedent upon?
- Biocompatibility
- Stability
Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles aggregrate easily due ot theur magnetic properties. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
How are can issues of aggregation resolved with magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles?
- Surface engineering by coating with polymers or silica
There is an increase in safety concerns of using magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
What is feridex?
- It is a dextran coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle clinically adminsitered for MRI images
Feridex has been withdrawn due to safety concerns. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
In depth understanding of cellular state in response to nanoparticle exposure is utmost importance for using metallic nanostrutures in patients. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
Platinum exhibits antitumoral effects. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
What is the application of iron platinum nanoparticles?
- Used as antitumoral therapeutics
- Used in MRI imaging
What are quantum dots and what are they used for?
- Luminescent nanoparticulates
- Used for tissue imaging, cellular labelling
what are some properties of quantum dots?
- High brightness
- small size
- versitile surface chemistry
- Sensitivity to the environment
Hybrid nanoparticles detect cellular level. TRUE OR FLASE?
TRUE
What are hybdrid nanoparticles used for?
- MRI
- Targeted and gene therapy
- Cell sorting
- Biological detection
- Drug delivery
what are the advantages of magnetic nanoparticles?
- Biocompatible
- Chemically stable
- SPR which results in heating effect
Hybrid nanoparticles can be used for treatment of pancreatic cancer. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
Describe the three different ways hybrid nanoparticles can be used to treat pancreatic cancer?
Type 1:
- Exploits nanoheaters (hyeprthermia)
Type 2:
- Targets molecules via thermosensitive linkers (uses water soluble drugs)
Type 3:
- Incorporates other drug carriers e.g amphiphilic polymers e.g dendrimers - uses insoluble drugs
What is the only pancreatic cancer chemotherapy drug available?
- Gemicibine
Gemicibine has poor drug penetration. TRUE OR FLASE?
TRUE
What is Bis-naphthalamides used for?
- Chemotherapy agent
- DNA targeted anticancer drug which results in tumour retardation
what is magnetomicelles or magnetosomes?
- The inclusion of magnetic nanoparticles into liposomes to confer imagaing capabilities
The incorporation of HNPs into intrinsic polymer structure allows for image guidance. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
The combination of inorganic nanoparticles and drug molecules form theranostics. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
Incorporation of inorganic nanoparticles into larger macromolecular systems confers added imaging capabilities forming theranostics. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
