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Clare's lectures semester 2 > Drug solubilisation 3 > Flashcards

Drug solubilisation 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Amphiphilic polymers have a hydrophobic and hydrophilic domain. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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2
Q

In aqueous enviornments the amphiphilic molecules associate together to form non-covalent hydrophobic hydrophobic interactions. true or false?

A

true

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3
Q

How are polymeric nano aggregate (micelles) formed?

A

when the hydrophilic moeity remains in contact with aqueous environment and the hydrophobic moeity shields themselves

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4
Q

Amphiphilic polyemers have been known to form polymeric micellles, vesicles and nano-particles when in contact with aqueous environment. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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5
Q

Just like micelles, amphiphilic polymers encapsulate drug in the hydrophobic core therefore increasing its solubility. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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6
Q

what is the critical aggregation concentration?

A
  • It is the lowest concentration whereby polymeric micelle is formed in an aqueous environment
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7
Q

what is CAC affected by?

A
  • The addition of electrolytes

- The nature and structure of the hydrophobic group

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8
Q

what are the advantages of polymeric micelles over traditional surfactants micelles?

A
  • CAC is lower
  • Size of self-assemblies is smaller (30-100nm)
  • Drugs can enter cell via endocytosis and become encapsulated
  • Polymeric structures mimic naturally occuring transport system
  • The nanoscopic isze of micelle enables quick and easy sterilisation
  • Polymeric ration can be as little as 5:1 which increases efficiency and decreases toxicity
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9
Q

The micelle protects the drug from chemical degredation and metabolism down its journey to the desired target site. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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10
Q

what are the four classes of amphiphilic polymers?

A
  • Block polymers
  • Star shaped polymers
  • Dendrimers
  • Graft polymers
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11
Q

Block polymers are fabricated from the polymerization of two or more types of monomer units. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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12
Q

In aqueous solution, amphiphilic block polymers form polymeric micelles. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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13
Q

what is the hydrophobic moeity of the block polymers composed of?

A
  • Biodegradable and biocompatible monomers e.g polyesters
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14
Q

what is the most common hydrophilic segment for block copolymer?

A
  • PEG
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15
Q

Amphiphilic graft polymers consist of a homo polymer as the backbone, where the hydrophobic pendant groups are grafted to form a comb like structure. true or false?

A

true

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16
Q

what is the hydrophobic pendant groups of a comb shaped polymer consist of?

A
  • Homopolymers
  • Copolymers
  • Small molecular weight hydrophobic molecules
17
Q

the hydrophilic corona stabilises the hydrophobic core self-assembly. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

18
Q

Graft molecules can aggregate through intermolecular and intramolecular aggregation. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

19
Q

what are the advantages of graft polymers over block polymers?

A
  • Lower CAC than block polymers
  • Capable of higher solubilisation than block polymers
  • Lower excipient to drug ratio
  • More efficient system
  • forms smaller aggregates in aqueous media
20
Q

what are star shaped amphiphilic polymers?

A
  • They are made up of 3 or more linear polymer chains linked to the central polymeric core
21
Q

nano aggregates of the star shaped copolymer posses smaller size compared to linear polymers of the same MW. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

22
Q

star shaped polymers form unimolecular micelles that are more stable than block polymers. TRUE OR FLASE?

A

TRUE

23
Q

The physical properties of the polymer can be changed by changing the chemical structure. TRUE OR FAKSE?

A

TRUE

24
Q

Describe the three methods of drug loading for amphiphilic nano drugs particles?

A
  • Solvent evaporation - polymer and drug are dissolved in organic solvent, solvent is removed and residue is re-dissolved in water and filtered
  • Dialysis - polymer and drug is dialysed against water, the solvent and drug is leaks out into the surrounding media
  • Sonication - polymer and drug are sonicated in queous environemnt, the resulting solution is filterted to obtain free drug
25
Q

what are dendrimers?

A
  • They are highly branched, synthetic and 3D molecules that combine the proeprties of polymers and small molecules
26
Q

what are dendrimers characterised by?

A
  • Nano size range
  • 3 dimentional shape
  • high branching point
27
Q

what are the two components of dendrimers and describe what each part does?

A
  • Interior - which affects host guest properties

- Core - affects the 3D shape of dendrimers

28
Q

What are the advantages of dendrimers?

A
  • Improves solubility of chemotherapy drugs
  • Can cross cell membranes
  • reduces clearnace of drug from body
29
Q

what are the two synthetic strategies of dendrimer?

A
  • Divergent method

- Convergent method

30
Q

how do dendrimers carry drugs?

A
  • Chemical conjugation (directly coupled/coupled via linkages)
  • Physical encapsulation (hydrophobic core)
31
Q

positively charged dendrimers can enhance intracellular drug delivery, due to interaction with negatively charged biological membranes. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

32
Q

cationic terminated dendrimers have shown more toxicity than neutral or anionic group terminated dendrimers. TRUE PR FALSE?

A

TRUE

33
Q

how can you reduce the toxicity of cationic terminated dendrimers?

A
  • modification of cationic groups with negative or neutral groups such as carbohydrates, PEG
34
Q

what are the applications of dendrimers?

A
  • Antimicrobial
  • Antiviral
  • Can be used as vectors in gene therapy
35
Q

smart polymers or stimuli responsive polymers undergo active responses to enviornmental signals. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

36
Q

what are these responsive stimulis?

A

physical (temp)
chemical (ph, ionic strength)
Biological (biomolecules)

37
Q

what is the application of smart polymers?

A
  • To deliver anticancer drugs
38
Q

Temperature responsive polymers can be used a therapy for cancer. true or false?

A

true

Clare's lectures semester 2 (10 decks)

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