Thera Ex Continuation Flashcards
A patient’s health status, diet, or lifestyle (sedentary or active) all influence _______.
Fatigue Threshold
The influence that the fatigue threshold affects.
A patients health status, diet and lifestyle
Adequate time for fatiguing exercise must be built into every resistance exercise program. The body must be given time to restore itself to a state where the force capacity returns to 90-95% of the pre-exercise capacity.
Recovery from Exercise
Muscle performance capability will change across the lifespan
Age
=>At birth, muscle accounts for about 25% of body weight
=> Total number of muscle fibers is established before birth or early in infancy
=> Muscle fiber size and muscle mass increase linearly from infancy to puberty
Infancy, Childhood, and Preadolescence
=> Rapid acceleration in muscle fiber size and muscle mass, especially in boys. During puberty, muscle mass increase by more than 30% per year.
=> Rapid increase in muscle strength in both sexes
=> Marked difference in strength levels develops between boys and girl
Adolescence
=>Muscle mass peaks in women between 16 and 20 years of age; muscle mass in men peaks between 18 and 25.
=> Muscles mass constitutes approximates 40% of total body weight
=> Muscle continues to develop into the second decade, especially in men.
Young and middle adulthood
=> Muscle contraction speed and peak power production both decrease
=> Endurance and maximum oxygen uptake gradually but progressively decrease
=> The force-producing capacity of muscle is reduced
Late adulthood
An array _____ can influence muscle performance and how easily, vigorously, or cautiously a person moves. Just as injury and disease adversely affect muscle performance, so can a person’s mental health status.
Psychological Factors and Cognitive Factors
A patient must be able to focus on a given task to learn how to perform it correctly.
Attention
Involves the ability to process relevant data while screening out irrelevant information from the environment and to responds to internal cues from the body,
Attention
If a resistance exercise program is to be effective, a patient must be willing to put forth and maintain sufficient effort and adhere to the program over time. Also, meaningful activities are perceived as having potential usefulness or periodically modifying an exercise routine to help maintain a patient’s interest in resistance training.
Motivation and Feedback
Physiological Adaptation to Resistance Exercise
Skeletal Muscle structure
Neural System
Metabolic System and enzymatic activity
Body Composition
Connective Tissue
Training-induced adaptations to resistance exercise, known as
Chronic physiological Responses
It is well accepted that the initial, rapid gain in the tension-generating capacity of skeletal muscle from a resistance training program is mainly attributed to neural responses.
Neural Adaptations.
It is an increase in the size of an individual muscle fiber caused by increased myofibrillar volume.
Hypertrophy of Skeletal Muscle Adaptations
- Hypertrophy of skeletal muscle appears to result from increased ______.
- What type of muscle fibers appear to increase in Hypertrophy?
- Protein (Actin and Myosin)
- Type 2B
This caused a portion of the increase in muscle size that occurs with heavy resistance training, which increases muscle fibers.
Hyperplasia
Essential elements of manual muscle testing and dynamometry
Alignment and Stabilization
Compensatory movement patterns are caused by the muscle action of a more potent adjacent agonist or a muscle group that normally serves as a stabilizer.
Substitute Motion
Proper alignment is determined by considering the fiber orientation, the line of pull, and the specific action desired of the muscle to be strengthened
Alignment and Muscle Action
The patient or limb should be positioned in a way that considers how both gravity and a weight provide external resistance to the muscle being stretched
Alignment and Gravity
Refers to holding down a body segment or holding the body steady
Stabilization
It can be applied manually by the therapist or the patient with equipment such as belts and straps or by using gravity to hold the body against a firm support surface.
External Stabilization
It is achieved by an isometric contraction of an adjacent muscle group that does not impact the desired movement pattern but holds the proximal body segment of the muscle being strengthened firmly in place.
Internal Stabilization
The amount of external resistance imposed on the contracting muscle during each repetition of an exercise.
Exercise Intensity of Intensity of Exercise
The exercise load or level of resistance
Intensity
The total number of repetitions and sets in an exercise session
Volume
The sequence in which muscle groups are exercised during a session
Exercise order
The number of exercise sessions per day or per week
Frequency
The time allotted for recuperation between exercise sets and session
Rest Interval
The total time committed to a resistance training program
Duration
The type of muscle contraction, type of resistance, arc of movement used, and primary energy system utilized during exercise
Mode of Resistance Exercise
The rate at which each exercised is performed
Velocity
The variation of intensity and volume during specific periods of resistance training
Periodization
Exercises that approximate or replicate functional demands
Integration of exercises into functional activities
Moderate to low-intensity exercise
Submaximal Loading
High-intensity exercise
Maximal Loading
Who first reported Repetition Maximum?
DeLorme
It is defined as the greatest amount of weight or load that can be moved with control or through the full, available range of motion a specific number of times before fatiguing.
Repetition Maximum
Two main reasons for determining RM
- To identify an initial exercise load (amount of weight)
- To document a baseline measurement of the dynamic strength of a muscle against exercised induced improvement
Percentage of Body Weight as an Initial exercise load for selected exercises
Universal Bench Press: 30% body weight
Universal Leg Extension: 20% body weight
Universal Leg Curl: 10 to15% body weight
Universal Leg Press: 50% body weight
The summation of the total number of repetitions and sets of a particular exercise during a single exercise session is multiplied by the exercise’s intensity.
Exercise Volume
Refers to the number of times a particular movement is performed consecutively
Repetitions
A predetermined number of consecutive repetitions group together is known as
Sets
Refers to the number of exercise sessions per day or week
Exercise Frequency
Total number of weeks or months a resistance exercise program is carried out.
Exercise Duration
It is a critical element of a resistance training program and is necessary to allow time for the body to recuperate from muscle fatigue or to offset adverse response such as exercise-induced, delayed-onset muscle soreness
Rest
Types of muscle contraction
Dynamic Concentric
Isometric (Static)
Dynamic Eccentric
Refers to isometric contractions done internally
Static Contraction
It can be performed using concentric or eccentric contractions or both
Dynamic Resistance Exercise
Two broad methods by which external resistance can be applied.
Manual and Mechanical Resistance
Can be implemented by use of an isokinetic dynamometer that controls the velocity by adjusting the external resistance to meet the internal effort during exercise.
Accommodating Resistance
Also source of resistance if the exercise occurs in an antigravity position
Body weight
It is used when a painful or unstable arc of motion must be avoided or to protect healing tissues after injury or surgery
Short-arc Exercises
Frequently manipulated in a resistance training program to prepare the patient for a variety of functional activities.
Exercise Velocity
Different during concentric and eccentric muscle contractions
Force-Velocity Relationship
An approach to resistance to resistance training that partitions a training program into specific time intervals and establishes systematic variation
Periodization and Variation of training
State the Integration of Function
Balance of Strength, Power, and Endurance
Balance of Stability and Active Mobility
Task-specific movement patterns with resistance exercise.
