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Therapeutic Exercise Finals > RESISTANCE, AEROBIC, AND AQUATIC EXERCISE FINALS > Flashcards

RESISTANCE, AEROBIC, AND AQUATIC EXERCISE FINALS Flashcards

1
Q

It is the capacity of a muscle to do work (force x distance)

A

Muscle Performance

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2
Q

Complex component of functional movement and is influenced by all of the body systems.

A

Muscle performance

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3
Q

Factors that affect muscle performance

A
  1. Morphological qualities of muscle
  2. Neurological
  3. Biochemical
  4. Biochemical influences
  5. Metabolic
  6. Cardiovascular
  7. Respiratory
  8. Cognitive
  9. Emotional Function
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4
Q

The key elements of muscle performance

A

Strength, Power and Endurance

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5
Q

It is an activity in which dynamic or static muscle contraction is resisted by an outside force applied manually or mechanically.

A

Resistance Exercise

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6
Q

Resistance Exercise is also referred as?

A

Resistance Training

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7
Q

It is an essential element of rehabilitation programs for persons with impaired function.

A

Resistance Training or Exercise

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8
Q

An integral component of a conditioning program for those who wish to promote or maintain health and physical well-being, enhance the performance of motor skills and reduce the risk of injury and disease.

A

Resistance exercise

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9
Q

Foundation on which a therapist determines whether a program of service of resistance exercise is warranted and likely to be affected.

A

Comprehensive Examination and Evaluation of the pt and client

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10
Q

A broad term refers to the extent that contractile elements of muscle produce force.

A

Muscle strength

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11
Q

The greatest measurable force that is exerted by a muscle or muscle group to overcome resistance during a single maximum effort.

A

Muscle strength

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12
Q

It relates to the ability of the neuromuscular system to produce the appropriate amount of force during functional activities in a smooth and coordinated manner.

A

Functional strength

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13
Q

It can contribute to major functional losses of even the most basic activities of daily living.

A

Insufficient muscular strength

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14
Q

High loads; Low Repetitions

A

Strength training

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15
Q

The development of muscle strength is an integral component of most rehabilitation or conditioning programs of all ages and abilities.

A

Strength training

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16
Q

The systematic practice of using muscle force to raise, lower, or control heavy external loads for a relatively low number of repetitions or over a short period of time.

A

Strength training

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17
Q

It is related to strength and speed of movement and is defined as the work (force x distance) produced by a muscle per unit of time ( force x distance/time)

A

Muscle power

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18
Q

Rate of performing work

A

Power

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19
Q

High intensity but have short duration

A

Aerobic power

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20
Q

Low intensity but have high duration

A

Anaerobic power

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21
Q

The greater the intensity of the exercise and the shorter period is taken to generate force, the greater the muscle power.

A

Power training

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22
Q

It is a broad term that refers to the ability to perform repetitive or sustained activities over a prolonged period of time.

A

Endurance

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23
Q

It is associated with repetitive dynamic motor activities walking, cycling, swimming, or upper extremity ergometry, which involve the use of large muscles of the body.

A

Cardiopulmonary Endurance

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24
Q

The ability of a muscle to repeatedly contract against an external load, generate and sustain tension, and resist fatigue over an extended period.

A

Muscle Endurance

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25
Q

It is sometimes used interchangeably with muscle endurance.

A

Aerobic Power

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26
Q

Light load, many repetitions, longer time

A

Endurance training

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27
Q

It is the systematic practice of using muscle force to raise, lower or control a light external load for many repetitions over an extended period.

A

Endurance training

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28
Q

The muscle must be challenged to perform at a level greater than to which it is accustomed.

A

Overload Principle

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29
Q

Light load; many repetitions and longer time

A

Endurance training

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30
Q

It refers to how much external resistance is imposed on the muscle, whereas the exercise volume includes variables that can be adjusted to increase demands on the muscle progressively.

A

The intensity of resistance exercise

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31
Q

Variables of the volume of exercise

A

Repetitions, sets, and frequency

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32
Q

The body will adapt to the specific demands placed on it.

A

Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands Principle (SAID Principle)

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33
Q

Bones will adapt based on the stress or demand placed on them

A

WOLFF’S LAW

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34
Q

Referred to as specificity of exercise, it is a widely accepted concept suggesting the adaptive effects of training for improvement of SPE.

A

Specificity of training

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35
Q

Carryover of training effects from one variation of exercise or task to another also has been reported.

A

Transfer of training

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36
Q

Adaptive changes in the body’s system in response to a resistance exercise program are transient unless training-induced improvements are regularly used for functional activities or unless an individual participates in a maintenance program of resistance exercise program.

A

Reversibility of Principle

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37
Q

Reductions in muscle performance reflect it, begin a week or two after the cessation of resistance exercises and continue until training effects are lost.

A

Detraining

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38
Q

Factors that Influence Generation in Normal Skeletal Muscle

A
  1. Energy Stores and Blood supply
  2. Fatigue
  3. Recovery from fatigue /exercise
  4. Age
  5. Psychological & Cognitive Factors
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39
Q

Muscle needs adequate _______ to contract, generate tension and resist fatigue. Muscle also needs adequate _____ to provide the tissue with oxygen and nutrients and to transport waste products from muscle to other organs.

A

Energy stores; and Blood Supply

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40
Q

A complex phenomenon that affects muscle performance

A

Fatigue

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41
Q

2 types of fatigue

A

Muscle Fatigue
Cardiopulmonary Fatigue

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42
Q

Two types of fibers

A

Type I Fiber
Type II Fiber

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43
Q

Phasic, Fast-Twitch

A

Type II fibers

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44
Q

Tonic, Slow-Twitch

A

Type I Fibers

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45
Q

Great amount of tension, short time

A

Type II A Fibers

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46
Q

It is geared toward anaerobic metabolic activity and has a tendency to fatigue more quickly than type II A fibers.

A

Type II B fibers

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47
Q

Type of fibers that are more resistant to fatigue

A

Type I fibers

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48
Q

It is an acute physiological response to exercise that is normal and reversible. It is characterized by a gradual decline in the force-producing capacity of the neuromuscular system that leads to a decrease in muscle strength.

A

Muscle Fatigue

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49
Q

It is the systemic diminished response of an individual to a stimulus resulting from prolonged physical activity such as walking, jogging, cycling, or repetitive work.

A

Cardiopulmonary Fatigue

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50
Q

Factors that cause cardiopulmonary fatigue

A
  1. Decreased blood sugar
  2. Decreased glycogen stores in muscle and liver
  3. Depletion of potassium
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51
Q

It is the level of exercise that cannot be sustained indefinitely. It could be noted as the length of time a contraction is maintained, which sets a baseline for adaptive changes.

A

Threshold for fatigue

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52
Q

Factors that influence fatigue

A

Patient’s health status
Diet
Lifestyle

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53
Q

Adequate time for fatiguing exercise must be built into every resistance exercise program.

A

Recovery from Exercise

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54
Q

Muscle performance capability will change across the lifespan.

A

Age

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55
Q

Psychological & Cognitive Factors for muscle performance

A

Attention
Motivation and Feedback

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56
Q

A patient must be able to focus on a given task to learn how to perform it correctly.

A

Attention

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57
Q

It involves the ability to process relevant data while screening out irrelevant information from the environment and to respond to internal cues from the body,

A

Attention

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58
Q

A patient must be willing to put forth and maintain sufficient effort and adhere to the program over time.

A

Motivation and Feedback

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59
Q

Physiological Adaptations to Resistance Exercise

A
  1. Skeletal Muscle Structure
  2. Neural System
  3. Metabolic System
  4. Body composition
  5. Connective Tissue
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60
Q

It is well accepted that the initial, rapid gain in the tension-generating capacity of skeletal muscle from a resistance training program is mainly attributed to neural responses.

A

Neural Adaptations

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61
Q

Skeletal Muscle Adaptations

A

Hypertrophy
Hyperplasia
Muscle Fiber Type Adaptation

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62
Q

It is an increased in size of an individual muscle fiber caused by increased myofibrillar volume.

A

Hypertrophy

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63
Q

An increase of muscle fibers

A

Hyperplasia

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64
Q

A substantial degree of plasticity exists in muscle fibers concerning contractile and metabolic properties.

A

Muscle Fiber Type Adaptation

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65
Q

Adaptations of Connective Tissue

A

Tendons, Ligament & Connective Tissue
Bones

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66
Q

Body segments during each unique exercise

A

Alignment

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67
Q

Proximal or distal joints to prevent substitue motions

A

Stabilization

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68
Q

The exercise load or level of resistance

A

Intensity

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69
Q

The total number of repetitions and sets in an exercise session

A

Volume

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70
Q

the sequence in which muscle groups are exercised during a session

A

Exercise order

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71
Q

the number of exercise sessions per day or per week

A

Frequency

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72
Q

the time allotted for recuperation between exercise sets and sessions

A

Rest interval

73
Q

The total time committed to a resistance training program

74
Q

The type of muscle contraction , type of resistance, arc of movement used, and primary energy system utilized during execise

75
Q

The rate at which each exercise is performed

76
Q

The variation of intensity and volume during specific periods of resistance training

A

Periodization

77
Q

Exercises that approximate or replicate functional demands

A

Integration of exercises into functional activities

78
Q

Low-mid intensity

A

Sub-maximal loading

79
Q

high-intensity

A

Maximal Loading

80
Q

Proper alignment is determined by considering the fiber orientation, the line of pull, and the specific action desired by the muscle to be strengthened

A

Alignment and muscle action

81
Q

Compensatory movement patterns caused by muscle action of a stronger adjacent agonist or a muscle group that normally serve as stabilizer.

A

Substitue Motions

82
Q

The alignment or position of the patient or limb concerning gravity will also be important during some forms of resistance exercise.

A

Alignment and gravity

83
Q

It can be applied manually by the therapist or the patient with equipment such as belts and straps or using gravity.

A

External Stabilization

84
Q

It is achieved by Isometric Contraction of an adjacent
the muscle group that does not impact the desired movement pattern but holds the proximal body segment of the muscle being strengthened firmly.

A

Internal Stabilization

85
Q

It is defined as the greatest amount of weight or load that can be moved with control through the full, available range of Motion a specific number of times before fatiguing.

A

Repetition Maximum

86
Q

Use of RM

A
  1. Identify the initial exercise Load
  2. Baseline measurement
87
Q

Progressive Resistance Exercise is found by

88
Q

Training zone

A

30-40% - sedentary, untrained individual
>80- highly trained individuals
40-70%- healthy but untrained adults
30-50%- for endurance and patients with significant weakness

89
Q

Baseline measurement is equal to

90
Q

How many RM usually you should give to patients?

91
Q

Categories of Contraction

A

Dynamic Concentric
Isometric Static
Dynamic Ecccentric

92
Q

It refers to the number of times the particular movement is performed consecutively

A

Repetitions

93
Q

It refers to the number of times the particular movement is performed consecutively.

A

Repetitions

94
Q

A predetermined number of consecutive repetitions together is known

95
Q

It is a critical element of a resistance training program and is necessary to allow time for the body to recuperate from muscle fatigue.

96
Q

Is fundamental to a successful rehabilitation program

A

Velocity-specific training

96
Q

When the velocity of limb movement is held by consistent by a rate-controlling device

A

Isokinetic Contraction

97
Q
  1. The distal segment (foot or hand) is assumed to move freely during exercise.
A

Non-weight bearing and open-chain exercise

98
Q

The position is assumed and the body moves over a fixed distal segment

A

Weight-bearing and closed-chain exercise

99
Q

These are two broad methods by which external resistance can be applied.

A

Manual Resistance and Mechanical Resistance

100
Q

It can be implemented by use of an isokinetic dynamometer that controls the velocity by adjusting the external resistance to meet the internal effort during exercise.

A

Accommodating exercise

101
Q

Anti-gravity position

A

Body weight

102
Q

Executed through only a portion of the available range

A

Short-arch

103
Q

Resistance through the full range of motion

104
Q

It is more effective isolation of muscle groups, and has greater level of control

A

Non-weight bearing or open-chain exercise

105
Q

Joint approximation of the soft tissue

A

Weight Bearing or Closed-chain exercise

106
Q

Why use NWB and/or WB?

A

It helps to reduce deficits in muscle performance which improve strength, power, and endurance

107
Q

Forms of Exercise

A
  1. Manual and Mechanical Resistance Exercise
  2. Constant or variable
  3. Accommodating Resistance Exercise
  4. Body weight
108
Q

Free-weights

A

Constant or variable

109
Q

If the intensity of exercise has lower loads and the volume of frequency of exercise has a high number of reps and sets, what is the period of training?

A

Preparation

110
Q

If the intensity of exercise has higher loads and the volume of frequency of exercise has a decreased number of reps and sets, what is the period of training?

A

Competition

111
Q

If the intensity of exercise has a gradual decrease in exercise loads and the volume of frequency of exercise has an additional decrease in the number of reps and sets, what is the period of training?

A

Recuperation

112
Q

Contracts and produces force w/o an appreciable change in the length of the muscle & without visible joint motion

A

Isometric Exercise

113
Q

Precautions of Resistance Exercise

A
  1. Valsalva Maneuver
  2. Substitute Motion
  3. Overtraining & Overwork
  4. Exercise-Induced Muscle Soreness
  5. Pathological Fractures
114
Q

Types of Resistance Exercise

A
  1. Manual Resistance Exercise
  2. Mechanical Resistance Exercise
  3. Isometric Resistance Exercise
  4. Dynamic Exercise: Concentric & Eccentric
  5. Isokinetic Exercise
  6. Open Kinetic Chain Exercise and Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise
  7. Dynamic Exercise: Constant and Variable
115
Q

A type of active-resistive exercise in which external resistance is provided by a therapist or other health professional.

A

Manual Resistance Exercise

116
Q

A form of active-resistive exercise in which external resistance is applied through the use of equipment of mechanical apparatus

A

Mechanical Resistance Exercise

117
Q

Types of Isometric Exercise

A
  1. Muscle setting exercise
  2. Stabilization Exercise
  3. Multiple-angle isometrics
118
Q

Involve low-intensity isometric contractions performed against minor to no resistance.

A

Muscle-setting Exercise

119
Q

They are used to decrease muscle pain and spasm and to promote relaxation and circulation during the acute stage of healing after soft-tissue injury.

A

Muscle-setting Exercise

120
Q

T or F
Muscle setting if performed against no appreciable resistance, however, it does not improve muscle strength except in very weak muscles.

121
Q

T or F
Setting exercises cannot slow muscle atrophy and maintain mobility between muscle fibers.

122
Q

A form of isometric exercise is used to develop a submaximal but sustained level of co-contraction to improve postural or dynamic joint stability.

A

Stabilization Exercise

123
Q

This term refers to a system of isometric exercise in which resistance is applied at multiple join positions within available ROM.

A

Multiple-angle isometrics

124
Q

This approach is used when the goal of the exercise is to improve strength throughout the ROM when joint motion is permissible but dynamic resistance is painful or inadvisable.

A

Multiple-angle isometrics

125
Q

Characteristics and Effects of Isometric Training

A
  1. Intensity of muscle contraction
  2. Duration of muscle activation
  3. Repetitive contractions
  4. Joint-angle and mode specificity
  5. Sources of Resistance
126
Q

Refers to a form of dynamic muscle activation in which tension develops, and physical shortening of the muscle occurs as an external resistance is overcome by an internal force.

A

Concentric Exercise

127
Q

It involves dynamic muscle activation and tension production that is below the level of external resistance so that physical lengthening of the muscle occurs as it controls the load, as when lowering a weight.

A

Eccentric Exercise

128
Q

Equal tension

129
Q

A form of dynamic exercise in resistance training in which a limb moves through a ROM against a constant external load provided by free weights.

A

Constant External Resistance Exercise

130
Q

A form of dynamic exercise addresses the primary limitation of dynamic exercise against a constant external load.

A

Variable Resistance Exercise

131
Q

A form of dynamic exercise in which the velocity of the joint angular velocity is predetermined and held constant by a rate-limiting device known as a dynamometer.

A

Isokinetic Exercise

132
Q

T or F
Isolation of muscle groups is better used with open-chain exercise than closed-chain exercise

133
Q

0-100% where it is best used for a warm-up period into the protocol

A

Delorme Technique/Regimen

134
Q

100-0%, where it is best used to decrease resistance as muscle fatigues.

A

Oxford Technique/Regimen

135
Q

A more systematic and objective system that considers the different rates at which individuals progress during rehabilitation or conditioning programs and is based on a 6-RM working weight.

A

Daily Adjustable Progressive Resistance Exercise Regimen

136
Q

The pre-established sequence of exercise or circuit of exercises targeting major muscle groups.

A

Circuit Weight Training

137
Q

Vigorous and unaccustomed resistance training or any form of muscular overexertion is noticeable in the muscle belly or at the myotendinous junction, which develops approximately 12-24 hours after the exercise.

A

Delayed-onset muscle soreness

138
Q

Contraindications of Resistance Exercise

A
  1. Acute Pain
  2. Acute Inflammation
  3. Acute Disease and Disorders
139
Q

Integration of Function

A
  1. Mobility
  2. Stability
  3. Controlled Mobility
  4. Skill
140
Q

Defined as an expiratory effort against a closed glottis and must be avoided during resistance exercise

A

Valsalva Maneuver

141
Q

Any bodily movements produced by the contraction of skeletal muscles that results in a substantial increase over resting energy expenditure

A

Physical Activity

142
Q

Any planned and structured physical activity designed to improve or maintain physical fitness.

143
Q

A general term used to describe the ability to perform physical work.

144
Q

A measure of the body’s capacity to use oxygen and the maximum amount of oxygen consumed per minute

A

Maximum Oxygen Consumption (V02max)

145
Q

The ability to work for prolonged periods and the ability to resist fatigue

146
Q

Augmentation of the energy utilization of the muscle by means of an exercise program

A

Aerobic Exercise Training or Cardiorespiratory Endurance

147
Q

T or F
Training is dependent on exercise of sufficient frequency, intensity and time.

148
Q

T or F
Training produces cardiovascular or muscle adaptation and is reflected in an individuals endurance

149
Q

T or F
Training for a particular sport or event is dependent on the specificity principle

150
Q
  1. It is result in increased efficiency of the cardiovascular system and the active muscles
A

Adaptation

151
Q

the ability of the human being to change

A

Adaptation

152
Q

It is a measure of the oxygen consumed by the myocardial muscles

A

Myocardial Oxygen Consumption

153
Q

T or F
myocardial muscle extracts 60-70% of the oxygen from the blood during rest

154
Q

It occurs with prolonged bed rest, extended acute illness and long-term condidtion.

A

Deconditioning

155
Q

Chest pain

156
Q

It is defined as the oxygen consumed (milliliters) per kilogram of body weight per minute

157
Q

A measure expressing the energy value of food.

A

Kilocalorie

158
Q

Quantification of Energy Expenditure

A

MET
Kilocalorie

159
Q

Classification of Activities

A

Light Activity
Moderate Activity
Vigorous Activity

160
Q

2.0-2.9 METs or 3.5 to 10.15 mL/kg per minute

A

Light Activity

161
Q

3.0 to 5.9 METs or 10.5 to 10.65 mL/kg per minute

A

Moderate Activity

162
Q

6 to 8.8 METs or 21 to 30.8 mL/kg per minute

A

Vigorous Activity

163
Q

It refers to the use of water that facilitates the applications of established therapeutic interventions

A

Aquatic Exercise

164
Q

Precautions of Aquatic Exercise

A
  1. Fear of Water
  2. Neurological Disorders
  3. Respiratory Disorders
  4. Small, Open Wounds, and Lines
165
Q

The upward force that works opposite to gravity

166
Q

the pressure exerted by the water on immersed objects

A

Hydrostatic Pressure

167
Q

Friction occurs between molecules of liquid resulting in resistance flow

168
Q

The surface of a fluid acts as a membrane under tension

A

Surface tensions

169
Q

Comprise the physical properties and characteristics of the fluid in motion

A

Hydromechanics

170
Q

the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of substance by degree Celcius

A

Specific Heat

171
Q

The reference point of an immersed object on which buoyant fluid forces predictably act.

A

Center of buoyancy

172
Q

Give me 5 goals and indications for Aquatic Exercise

A
  1. Facilitate ROM exercise
  2. Initiate Resistance Training
  3. Facilitate weight-bearing activities
  4. Enhance delivery of manual techniques
  5. Enhance patient relaxation
173
Q

Please give me 5 Contraindications of aquatic exercise

A
  1. Incipient cardiac failure and unstable angina
  2. Danger of bleeding or hemorrhage
  3. Severe peripheral vascular disease
  4. Menstruation without internal protection
  5. Severe kidney disease
174
Q

Give me 5 deconditioning effects associated with bed rest

A

Decrease
1. Muscle Mass
2. Strength
3. Plasma Volume
4. Heart Volume
5. Total Blood Volume

175
Q

Please give me 5 Benefits of Resistance Exercise

A
  1. Improved Balance
  2. Enhanced Muscle Performance
  3. Decreased joint stress during physical activity
  4. Enhanced feeling of physical well being
  5. Increased bone mineral density
176
Q

Please give me 5 signs and symptoms of muscle fatigue

A
  1. Muscle Guarding
  2. Use of substitute motions
  3. Active movements are jerky or inconsistent
  4. Decline in peak torque during isokinetic training
  5. Uncomfortable sensation in the muscle, with pain and cramping
177
Q

Karvonen’s Formula

A

THR= 60-70% (MHR-RHR) + RHR
MHR= 220-Age

Therapeutic Exercise Finals (3 decks)

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