Resistance Exercise for Impaired Muscle Performance Flashcards
It is the capacity of a muscle to do work (force x distance).
Muscle Performance
It is the complex component of functional movement and is influenced by all of the body systems.
Muscle Performance
Factors that affect muscle performance.
- Morphological qualities of muscle
- Neurological
- Biochemical
- BIomechanical influences
- Metabolic
- Cardiovascular
- Respiratory
- Cognitive
- Emotional Function
State the key elements of muscle performance.
Strength
Power
Endurance
It is an activity in which dynamic or static muscle contraction is resisted by an outside force applied manually or mechanically.
Resistance Exercise
Resistance exercise is also called ________.
Resistance Training
It is an essential element of rehabilitation programs for persons with impaired function.
Resistance Training/ Resistance Exercise
It is an integral component of conditioning programs for those who wish to promote or maintain health and physical well-being, enhance the performance of motor skills, and reduce the risk of injury and disease.
Resistance Training/Resistance Exercise
These are the foundations on which a therapist determines whether a resistance exercise program is warranted and likely to be effective.
Comprehensive Examination and Evaluation of the patient or client
It is a broad term that refers to the extent that the contractile elements of muscle produce force
Muscle strength
It is the contractile tissue that generates enough force to meet the physical and functional demands placed on the system.
Muscle strength
It is the greatest measurable force that is exerted by a muscle or muscle group to overcome resistance during a single maximum effort.
Muscle Strength
It relates to the ability of the neuromuscular system to produce the appropriate amount of force,d during functional activities in a smooth and coordinated manner.
Functional strength
It can contribute to major functional losses of even the most basic activities of daily long living.
Insufficient muscular strength
The development of muscle strength is an integral component of most rehabilitation or conditioning programs for individuals of all ages and abilities.
Strength training
Give me 2 benefits of Resistance Exercise
- Decreased joint stress during physical activity
- Improved balance
It is related to the strength and speed of movement and is defined as the work produced by a muscle per unit of time.
Muscle power
Rate of performing work
Power
T or F
Anaerobic and aerobic power are sometimes used to differentiate these two aspects of power.
T
Many motor tasks are somewhat ballistic movements that involve both strength and speed. Therefore, re-establishing this may be an important priority in the rehabilitation program.
Power training
It is a broad term that refers to the ability to perform repetitive or sustained activities over a prolonged time.
Endurance
Associated with repetitive, dynamic motor activities, such as walking, cycling, swimming, or upper extremity ergometry, which involve use of the large muscles of the body.
Cardiopulmonary Endurance.
It is sometimes referred to as local endurance and the ability of a muscle to contract repeatedly against an external load, generate and sustain tension, and resist fatigue over an extended period of time.
Muscle Endurance
This is sometimes used interchangeably with muscle endurance
Aerobic Power
A foundational element that guides resistance exercise in improving muscle performance. States that if muscle performance is to improve, a resistance load that exceeds the metabolic capacity of the muscle must be applied.
Overload Principle
It refers to how much external resistance is imposed on the muscle
Intensity of resistance exercise
It includes variables such as repetitions sets, or frequency, any combination of which can be adjusted to progressively increase the demands on the muscle.
Volume of exercise
This principle refers to the concept that to improve a specific muscle performance element, the resistance program should be matched to the element constructs.
SAID principle/ Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands
Referred to as specific exercise, is a widely accepted concept suggesting that the adaptive effects of training, such as improvement of strength, power, and endurance, are highly specific to the training method employed.
Specificity of Training
Referred to as specific exercise, is a widely accepted concept suggesting that the adaptive effects of training, such as improvement of strength, power, and endurance, are highly specific to the training method employed.
Specificity of Training
In contrast to the SAID principle, carryover of training effects from one variation of exercise or task to another also has been reported on a very limited basis concerning velocity training.
Transfer of Training
Adaptive changes in the body’s system in response to a resistance program are transient unless training-induced improvements are regularly used for functional activities or unless an individual participates in a maintenance program of resistance exercise.
Reversibility Principle
It is reflected by reductions in muscle performance, begins a week or two after the cessation of resistance exercises and continues until training effects are lost
Detraining
Muscle needs adequate sources of energy to contract, generate tension, and resist fatigue.
Energy stores and Blood supply
A complex phenomenon affecting muscle performance must be considered in a resistance exercise program.
Fatigue
The diminished response of muscles to a repeated stimulus is reflected in a progressive decrement in the amplitude of motor unit potentials.
An acute physiological response to exercise that is normal and reversible.
Muscle (local) Fatigue
Type of fibers that generate a great amount of tension within a short period of time.
Type II fibers
Type of fiber that is geared toward anaerobic metabolic activity and has a tendency to fatigue more quickly than type IIA fibers
Type II B fibers
Type of muscle fiber that generates a low level of muscle tension but can sustain the contraction for a long time.
Type I fibers
Type of fibers that are geared toward aerobic metabolism.
Type II A fibers
This type of fatigue is the systemic diminished response of an individual to a stimulus resulting from prolonged physical activity such as walking, jogging, cycling, or repetitive work.
Cardiopulmonary fatigue
Cardiopulmonary Fatigue factors
Decreased blood sugar levels
Decreased glycogen stores in muscle and liver
Depletion of potassium, especially in the elderly patient
Type of fatigue that the level of exercise that cannot be sustained indefinitely
Threshold for fatigue
A patient’s health status, diet, or lifestyle all influence ______.
Fatigue threshold
Adequate time for recovery from fatiguing exercise must be built into every resistance exercise program
Recovery from exercise
Give me two signs and symptoms of muscle fatigue
- Shaking or trembling of the contracting muscle.
- Active movements are jerky or inconsistent
Factors that influence fatigue
A patient’s health status, diet, or lifestyle
Adequate time for recovery from fatiguing exercise must be built into every resistance exercise program
Recovery from Exercise
Muscle performance capability will change across the life span
Age
At birth, muscle accounts for about 25% of body weight. A total number of muscle fibers is established before birth or early in infancy.
Infancy, Early Childhood, and Preadolescence
Rapid acceleration in muscle fiber size and muscle mass, especially in boys.
Adolescence
Muscle mass peaks in women between 16 and 20 years of age; muscle mass in men peaks between 18 and 25 years of age
Young and Middle Adulthood
Muscle strength declines at a rate of 15% to 20% per decade during the sixth and seventh decades and declines at a rate of 30% per decade after that.
Late Adulthood
A patient must be able to focus on a given task to learn how to perform it correctly.
Attention
If a resistance exercise program is to be effective, a patient must be willing to put forth and maintain sufficient effort and adhere to the program over time.
Motivation and Feedback
It is well accepted that the initial, rapid gain in the tension-generating capacity of skeletal muscle from a resistance training program is mainly attributed to neural responses, not adaptive changes in the muscle itself.
Neural Adaptations
It is an increase in the size and individual muscle fiber caused by increased myofibrillar volume.
Hyperthropy
An increased number of muscle fibers
Hyperplasia
Basic elements of manual muscle testing and dynamometry
Alignment and Stabilization
These are compensatory movement patterns caused by the muscle action of a more potent adjacent agonist or a muscle group that normally serves as a stabilizer
Substitute Motions
Proper alignment is determined by considering the fiber orientation, the line of pull, and the specific action desired of the muscle to be strengthened
Alignment and muscle action
The alignment or position of the patient or limb with respect to gravity will be important during some forms of resistance exercise, particularly if body weight or free weights.
Alignment and gravity
It refers to holding down a body segment or holding the body steady of proximal or distal joints to prevent substitute motions.
Stabilization
Type of stabilization that can be applied manually by the therapist or the patient with equipment
External Stabilization
Type of stabilization that can be achieved by an isometric contraction of an adjacent muscle group that does not impact the desired movement pattern but holds the proximal body segment of the muscle being strengthened firmly in place.
Internal Stabilization
It is the amount of external resistance imposed on the contracting muscle during each repetition of an exercise. The exercise load or level of resistance.
Intensity of Exercise
It is defined as the greatest amount of weight or load that can be moved with control through the full, available range of motion a specific number of times before fatiguing
Repetition Maximum
The total number of repetitions and sets in exercise session
Volume
The sequence in which muscle groups are exercised during a session
Exercise Order
The number of exercise sessions per day or week
Frequency
The time allowed for recuperation between exercise sets and sessions.
Rest interval
The total time committed to a resistance training program.
Duration
The type of muscle contraction, type of resistance, arc of movement used, and primary energy system utilized during exercise
Mode
The rate at which each exercise is performed
Velocity
The variation of intensity and volume during specific periods of resistance training
Periodization
Exercises that approximate or replicate functional elements.
Integration of exercises into functional activities
It refers to the number of times a particular movement is performed consecutively
Repetitions
A predetermined number of consecutive repetitions grouped together is known.
Sets
It refers to isometric contractions done internally- often called muscle setting or against an unmovable external resistance.
Static contractions
It can be performed using concentric or eccentric contractions or both
Dynamic resistance exercises
