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Therapeutic Exercise Finals > Resistance Exercise for Impaired Muscle Performance > Flashcards

Resistance Exercise for Impaired Muscle Performance Flashcards

1
Q

It is the capacity of a muscle to do work (force x distance).

A

Muscle Performance

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2
Q

It is the complex component of functional movement and is influenced by all of the body systems.

A

Muscle Performance

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3
Q

Factors that affect muscle performance.

A
  1. Morphological qualities of muscle
  2. Neurological
  3. Biochemical
  4. BIomechanical influences
  5. Metabolic
  6. Cardiovascular
  7. Respiratory
  8. Cognitive
  9. Emotional Function
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4
Q

State the key elements of muscle performance.

A

Strength
Power
Endurance

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5
Q

It is an activity in which dynamic or static muscle contraction is resisted by an outside force applied manually or mechanically.

A

Resistance Exercise

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6
Q

Resistance exercise is also called ________.

A

Resistance Training

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7
Q

It is an essential element of rehabilitation programs for persons with impaired function.

A

Resistance Training/ Resistance Exercise

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8
Q

It is an integral component of conditioning programs for those who wish to promote or maintain health and physical well-being, enhance the performance of motor skills, and reduce the risk of injury and disease.

A

Resistance Training/Resistance Exercise

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9
Q

These are the foundations on which a therapist determines whether a resistance exercise program is warranted and likely to be effective.

A

Comprehensive Examination and Evaluation of the patient or client

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10
Q

It is a broad term that refers to the extent that the contractile elements of muscle produce force

A

Muscle strength

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11
Q

It is the contractile tissue that generates enough force to meet the physical and functional demands placed on the system.

A

Muscle strength

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12
Q

It is the greatest measurable force that is exerted by a muscle or muscle group to overcome resistance during a single maximum effort.

A

Muscle Strength

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13
Q

It relates to the ability of the neuromuscular system to produce the appropriate amount of force,d during functional activities in a smooth and coordinated manner.

A

Functional strength

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14
Q

It can contribute to major functional losses of even the most basic activities of daily long living.

A

Insufficient muscular strength

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15
Q

The development of muscle strength is an integral component of most rehabilitation or conditioning programs for individuals of all ages and abilities.

A

Strength training

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16
Q

Give me 2 benefits of Resistance Exercise

A
  1. Decreased joint stress during physical activity
  2. Improved balance
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17
Q

It is related to the strength and speed of movement and is defined as the work produced by a muscle per unit of time.

A

Muscle power

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18
Q

Rate of performing work

A

Power

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19
Q

T or F
Anaerobic and aerobic power are sometimes used to differentiate these two aspects of power.

A

T

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20
Q

Many motor tasks are somewhat ballistic movements that involve both strength and speed. Therefore, re-establishing this may be an important priority in the rehabilitation program.

A

Power training

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21
Q

It is a broad term that refers to the ability to perform repetitive or sustained activities over a prolonged time.

A

Endurance

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22
Q

Associated with repetitive, dynamic motor activities, such as walking, cycling, swimming, or upper extremity ergometry, which involve use of the large muscles of the body.

A

Cardiopulmonary Endurance.

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23
Q

It is sometimes referred to as local endurance and the ability of a muscle to contract repeatedly against an external load, generate and sustain tension, and resist fatigue over an extended period of time.

A

Muscle Endurance

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24
Q

This is sometimes used interchangeably with muscle endurance

A

Aerobic Power

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25
Q

A foundational element that guides resistance exercise in improving muscle performance. States that if muscle performance is to improve, a resistance load that exceeds the metabolic capacity of the muscle must be applied.

A

Overload Principle

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26
Q

It refers to how much external resistance is imposed on the muscle

A

Intensity of resistance exercise

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27
Q

It includes variables such as repetitions sets, or frequency, any combination of which can be adjusted to progressively increase the demands on the muscle.

A

Volume of exercise

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28
Q

This principle refers to the concept that to improve a specific muscle performance element, the resistance program should be matched to the element constructs.

A

SAID principle/ Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands

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29
Q

Referred to as specific exercise, is a widely accepted concept suggesting that the adaptive effects of training, such as improvement of strength, power, and endurance, are highly specific to the training method employed.

A

Specificity of Training

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29
Q

Referred to as specific exercise, is a widely accepted concept suggesting that the adaptive effects of training, such as improvement of strength, power, and endurance, are highly specific to the training method employed.

A

Specificity of Training

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30
Q

In contrast to the SAID principle, carryover of training effects from one variation of exercise or task to another also has been reported on a very limited basis concerning velocity training.

A

Transfer of Training

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31
Q

Adaptive changes in the body’s system in response to a resistance program are transient unless training-induced improvements are regularly used for functional activities or unless an individual participates in a maintenance program of resistance exercise.

A

Reversibility Principle

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32
Q

It is reflected by reductions in muscle performance, begins a week or two after the cessation of resistance exercises and continues until training effects are lost

A

Detraining

33
Q

Muscle needs adequate sources of energy to contract, generate tension, and resist fatigue.

A

Energy stores and Blood supply

34
Q

A complex phenomenon affecting muscle performance must be considered in a resistance exercise program.

A

Fatigue

35
Q

The diminished response of muscles to a repeated stimulus is reflected in a progressive decrement in the amplitude of motor unit potentials.

An acute physiological response to exercise that is normal and reversible.

A

Muscle (local) Fatigue

36
Q

Type of fibers that generate a great amount of tension within a short period of time.

A

Type II fibers

37
Q

Type of fiber that is geared toward anaerobic metabolic activity and has a tendency to fatigue more quickly than type IIA fibers

A

Type II B fibers

38
Q

Type of muscle fiber that generates a low level of muscle tension but can sustain the contraction for a long time.

A

Type I fibers

39
Q

Type of fibers that are geared toward aerobic metabolism.

A

Type II A fibers

40
Q

This type of fatigue is the systemic diminished response of an individual to a stimulus resulting from prolonged physical activity such as walking, jogging, cycling, or repetitive work.

A

Cardiopulmonary fatigue

41
Q

Cardiopulmonary Fatigue factors

A

Decreased blood sugar levels
Decreased glycogen stores in muscle and liver
Depletion of potassium, especially in the elderly patient

42
Q

Type of fatigue that the level of exercise that cannot be sustained indefinitely

A

Threshold for fatigue

43
Q

A patient’s health status, diet, or lifestyle all influence ______.

A

Fatigue threshold

44
Q

Adequate time for recovery from fatiguing exercise must be built into every resistance exercise program

A

Recovery from exercise

45
Q

Give me two signs and symptoms of muscle fatigue

A
  1. Shaking or trembling of the contracting muscle.
  2. Active movements are jerky or inconsistent
46
Q

Factors that influence fatigue

A

A patient’s health status, diet, or lifestyle

47
Q

Adequate time for recovery from fatiguing exercise must be built into every resistance exercise program

A

Recovery from Exercise

48
Q

Muscle performance capability will change across the life span

A

Age

49
Q

At birth, muscle accounts for about 25% of body weight. A total number of muscle fibers is established before birth or early in infancy.

A

Infancy, Early Childhood, and Preadolescence

50
Q

Rapid acceleration in muscle fiber size and muscle mass, especially in boys.

A

Adolescence

51
Q

Muscle mass peaks in women between 16 and 20 years of age; muscle mass in men peaks between 18 and 25 years of age

A

Young and Middle Adulthood

52
Q

Muscle strength declines at a rate of 15% to 20% per decade during the sixth and seventh decades and declines at a rate of 30% per decade after that.

A

Late Adulthood

53
Q

A patient must be able to focus on a given task to learn how to perform it correctly.

A

Attention

54
Q

If a resistance exercise program is to be effective, a patient must be willing to put forth and maintain sufficient effort and adhere to the program over time.

A

Motivation and Feedback

55
Q

It is well accepted that the initial, rapid gain in the tension-generating capacity of skeletal muscle from a resistance training program is mainly attributed to neural responses, not adaptive changes in the muscle itself.

A

Neural Adaptations

56
Q

It is an increase in the size and individual muscle fiber caused by increased myofibrillar volume.

A

Hyperthropy

57
Q

An increased number of muscle fibers

A

Hyperplasia

58
Q

Basic elements of manual muscle testing and dynamometry

A

Alignment and Stabilization

59
Q

These are compensatory movement patterns caused by the muscle action of a more potent adjacent agonist or a muscle group that normally serves as a stabilizer

A

Substitute Motions

60
Q

Proper alignment is determined by considering the fiber orientation, the line of pull, and the specific action desired of the muscle to be strengthened

A

Alignment and muscle action

61
Q

The alignment or position of the patient or limb with respect to gravity will be important during some forms of resistance exercise, particularly if body weight or free weights.

A

Alignment and gravity

62
Q

It refers to holding down a body segment or holding the body steady of proximal or distal joints to prevent substitute motions.

A

Stabilization

63
Q

Type of stabilization that can be applied manually by the therapist or the patient with equipment

A

External Stabilization

64
Q

Type of stabilization that can be achieved by an isometric contraction of an adjacent muscle group that does not impact the desired movement pattern but holds the proximal body segment of the muscle being strengthened firmly in place.

A

Internal Stabilization

65
Q

It is the amount of external resistance imposed on the contracting muscle during each repetition of an exercise. The exercise load or level of resistance.

A

Intensity of Exercise

66
Q

It is defined as the greatest amount of weight or load that can be moved with control through the full, available range of motion a specific number of times before fatiguing

A

Repetition Maximum

67
Q

The total number of repetitions and sets in exercise session

A

Volume

68
Q

The sequence in which muscle groups are exercised during a session

A

Exercise Order

69
Q

The number of exercise sessions per day or week

A

Frequency

70
Q

The time allowed for recuperation between exercise sets and sessions.

A

Rest interval

71
Q

The total time committed to a resistance training program.

A

Duration

72
Q

The type of muscle contraction, type of resistance, arc of movement used, and primary energy system utilized during exercise

A

Mode

73
Q

The rate at which each exercise is performed

A

Velocity

74
Q

The variation of intensity and volume during specific periods of resistance training

A

Periodization

75
Q

Exercises that approximate or replicate functional elements.

A

Integration of exercises into functional activities

76
Q

It refers to the number of times a particular movement is performed consecutively

A

Repetitions

77
Q

A predetermined number of consecutive repetitions grouped together is known.

A

Sets

78
Q

It refers to isometric contractions done internally- often called muscle setting or against an unmovable external resistance.

A

Static contractions

79
Q

It can be performed using concentric or eccentric contractions or both

A

Dynamic resistance exercises

Therapeutic Exercise Finals (3 decks)

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