Theory of Mind

Question 1

Ecological factors were the primary drivers of brain expansion.
What hypothesis is assumed here ?

Answer 1

Ecological Brain Hypothesis

Question 2

Primates evolved large brains relative to their body size primarily to manage the complexities of their social lives.
What hypothesis is assumed here ?

Answer 2

Social Brain Hypothesis

Question 3

What is Machiavellian Intelligence ?

Answer 3

The cognitive and behavioral capacity of an individual to navigate complex social environments through tactics such as social manipulation, deceit, cunning co-operation and prediction of others’ intentions

Question 4

What ability does the theory of mind describe?

Answer 4

The ability of an individual to attribute mental states to oneself and others, including states such as beliefs, intentions, desires, knowledge, or emotions.

Question 5

What different kinds of deceptions can be used by animals?

Answer 5

1. transmission of misinformation by one animal to another, of the same or different species, in a way that propagates beliefs that are not true
   Dishonest signaling (Mimicry)
2. Behavioural deception
   occurs when, as the result of the behaviour of the signaller, the receiver registers a certain situation that is not in reality occurring. As a result of the interaction, the signaller benefits, while the receiver pays a cost

Question 6

What is an indicator of animals posessing theory of mind ?

Answer 6

when animal uses novel or unusual behaviour and/or other individuals engage in an arms race with the deception