Social Knowledge Flashcards
What is Social Knowledge?
Social Cognition: process, store, and apply information about other people and social situations; focuses on the role that cognitive processes play in social interactions.
Through social knowledge and social interactions allow animals to adapt to their social environment and form the foundation of group living.
What is the difference between Social Knowledge and Social Interaction?
Social Knowledge:
Refers to information animals accumulate about others in their group.
Knowing who to trust, compete with, or cooperate
Social Interaction:
Refer to various ways animals interact with each other within their social groups. Interactions help maintain social structure, cooperation, and competition.
How do individuals recognize each other?
vocal: recognize individuals, groups, or species by their vocalizations or sounds; involves differentiating between distinct calls, songs, or other auditory signals
visual: identify individuals, objects, or species based on visual cues such as shape, size, color patterns, or facial features
olfactory: identify and differentiate individuals or environmental elements based on scent or chemical cues
What is meant by Social Memory?
Long-term memory helps animals maintain social bonds and alliances over time
What differentiates emulation and imitation?
Imitation:
Copying the actions of others. It involves the copying of behaviour, which can range from simple mimicry to sophisticated social forms learning
Emulation:
individual observes and replicates the outcome or goal of another’s actions, without necessarily copying the exact behavioral sequence
What is Cultural Transmission? What does it encompass?
Behaviors can become traditions passed down through generations.
Cultural behaviour encompasses (Matsuzawa, 2015):
* Emergence
* Propagation
* Modification
What is the difference between Cooperation and Altruism?
Cooperation: refers to behaviors where individuals work together for mutual benefit or to help others, often increasing the chances of survival or reproductive success
Altruism: individual helps another at a personal cost, such as reduced chances of survival or reproduction, without any immediate benefit to the helper, with costs and benefits measured in terms of individual fitness
What is known as Kin Selection?
Kin Selection:
form of altruism where individuals help their relatives, even at a personal cost, because doing so increases the survival reproduction of shared genes. The closer the genetic relationship, the more likely an individual is to help
What is Reciprocal altruism? Under what circumstaces does it occur?
Reciprocal altruism:
individual helps another with the expectation that the favor will be returned in the future.
For this to evolve, animals must live in stable groups where individuals can keep track of who helped them and are likely to encounter the same individuals again
What are the two ways of conflict resolution ?
Reconciliation
Refers to former opponents in a conflict engage in friendly or affiliative behaviors shortly after a fight or aggressive interaction
Consolation
Refers to an affiliative behaviour in which a third party interacts with one of the former opponents, often the victim, to provide comfort or support after an aggressive interaction
What is Coordination? What does it need to work?
Coordination: Involves interpreting signals and responding adequately, enabling coordination where individuals within a species match their behaviors and actions based on communicated information.
Effective communication is key to social cohesion and success in cooperative activities
