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SIDANG STUDY > Theory of English for Specific Purposes > Flashcards

Theory of English for Specific Purposes Flashcards

1
Q

What is needs analysis in ESP?

A

Needs analysis determines the “what” and “how” of a course in the first stage of ESP course development.

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2
Q

What is the process of needs analysis?

A

It involves curriculum design, materials selection, methodology, and assessment and evaluation.

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3
Q

Why is needs analysis important?

A

It collects and assesses information relevant to course design and is a continuous process.

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4
Q

What are the components of needs analysis?

A

Learners’ goals, backgrounds, language proficiencies, reasons for taking the course, and communication situations.

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5
Q

What is Hutchinson and Waters’ model for needs analysis?

A

It includes target needs: necessities, lacks, and wants related to language use.

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6
Q

What is the target situation analysis framework?

A

It involves understanding why and how the language will be used in specific contexts.

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7
Q

What should be considered when analyzing learning needs?

A

Why learners are taking the course, how they learn, available resources, and their characteristics.

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8
Q

What is curriculum development?

A

It is a systematic process aimed at educational improvement, focusing on content, tasks, activities, and desired outcomes.

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9
Q

What is the importance of genre analysis in ESP?

A

It helps learners understand common structures and language use in specific fields.

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10
Q

How do genres evolve?

A

Genres change over time as the needs of the field evolve, requiring continuous adaptation.

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11
Q

What is Swales’ argument on genre studies?

A

Genre studies should include both structural and social/contextual features.

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12
Q

What is the CARS model in ESP?

A

It helps understand the structure of academic writing, particularly in research contexts, using the IMRAD structure.

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13
Q

How does a genre-based approach benefit workplace communication?

A

It prepares learners for the specific communication they will encounter in their fields.

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14
Q

How are genres related to multimodality?

A

Genres increasingly require integrating text and visuals, especially in research papers.

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15
Q

What are some examples of genres in different fields?

A

In banking: loan applications and financial reports; in engineering: design specifications and technical reports.

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16
Q

What is the conclusion about genres in ESP?

A

Genres are crucial for effective communication and help learners develop discipline-specific skills in ESP.

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17
Q

What is the role of ESP assessment in language teaching?

A

ESP assessment aligns with general language assessment principles, focusing on reliability, validity, and ethical standards.

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18
Q

What distinguishes ESP assessment from general language assessment?

A

ESP assessment considers contextual variation, precision of language, and the integration of background knowledge.

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19
Q

What theoretical issues exist in ESP assessment?

A

There is debate on whether specific purpose language ability exists and the importance of non-linguistic knowledge in assessments.

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20
Q

What areas are covered in ESP assessment?

A

These include English for Academic Purposes (EAP), English for Employment Purposes, and English testing for immigration and asylum.

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21
Q

How has technology impacted ESP assessment?

A

Technology aids test development, delivery, and scoring, enhancing test validity and authenticity.

22
Q

What is the role of technology in ESP pedagogy?

A

Technology serves as a tool for language learning and a medium for new forms of communication.

23
Q

What are the different types of needs in ESP needs assessment?

A

Objective needs (skills required) and subjective needs (comfort with technology) are assessed along with current situation analysis.

24
Q

How do communicative contexts affect the use of technology in ESP?

A

Technologies like email and social media require specific language strategies based on the social context of language use.

25
Q

Why is direct teaching of technologies important in ESP?

A

Students need to learn how to use new technologies effectively for communication in various contexts.

26
Q

How do authentic materials enhance ESP education?

A

Technology provides access to real-world materials and resources, improving language learning and skill application.

27
Q

What is the importance of evaluating online materials in ESP?

A

Teachers and students must critically assess online materials for authenticity and credibility.

28
Q

What ethical issues arise from the use of technology in ESP?

A

There are concerns about intellectual property and plagiarism when using online materials in ESP classrooms.

29
Q

What is the focus of English for Academic Purposes (EAP)?

A

EAP focuses on teaching the English needed for academic tasks, particularly for research and academic writing.

30
Q

How has corpus-based work impacted EAP?

A

Corpora have provided data for research, materials, and allowed for evidence-based descriptions of academic language.

31
Q

What is genre analysis in ESP?

A

Genre analysis studies communicative events and their linguistic features, identifying genres like research articles and theses.

32
Q

How does social context influence EAP?

A

EAP is embedded in social practices within institutions and globally, with critical EAP examining its sociocultural context.

33
Q

What are the key issues in EAP research?

A

There is a need for more research on spoken academic discourse, corpus-based pedagogical applications, and non-native English-speaking scholars’ roles.

34
Q

What are the future directions for EAP research?

A

Future research should focus on the stages of academic presentations, EAP needs of junior faculty, and pedagogical materials for teaching.

35
Q

What is Business English?

A

Business English is a recognized area of ESP that focuses on language and communication skills for business.

36
Q

How has Business English evolved since the 1990s?

A

It has expanded from language skills to include cultural and social aspects of business communication.

37
Q

Where and when did Business English originate?

A

It originated in Japan in the 1930s with a focus on written English competencies.

38
Q

What shift occurred in Business English in the 1970s?

A

The focus moved from written to spoken English competencies.

39
Q

How did Business English change in the 1990s?

A

Discourse analysis and pragmatics became key approaches in its study.

40
Q

Why is Business English important in Asia?

A

It has grown in China and Japan, incorporating business knowledge and cultural awareness.

41
Q

How has Business English developed in China?

A

It evolved from written English to a more comprehensive approach, including spoken English and cultural awareness.

42
Q

What is a distinctive feature of Business English in Japan?

A

It emphasizes empathy and self-awareness in business communication.

43
Q

What are key issues in Business English research?

A

More studies on spoken Business English and English as a lingua franca in business are needed.

44
Q

Why is cultural context important in Business English?

A

Business communication depends on cultural and social understanding.

45
Q

Why should Business English research be interdisciplinary?

A

It benefits from insights in linguistics, pragmatics, sociology, and anthropology.

46
Q

What is the future direction for Business English?

A

A more research-led approach that considers cultural and social contexts.

47
Q

What is business communication?

A

It is the exchange of information and ideas in a business setting.

48
Q

What is discourse analysis in Business English?

A

It analyzes language use, especially in business contexts.

49
Q

What is pragmatics?

A

It studies how language is used in context to communicate effectively.

50
Q

What is intercultural communication?

A

It examines how people from different cultures interact and communicate.

SIDANG STUDY (6 decks)

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