Public Speaking Flashcards
Why is ethics important in public speaking?
Ethics in public speaking is important because it involves a sense of responsibility. Public speaking is a form of power, and speakers have an ethical obligation to use this power respectfully and responsibly to avoid misleading or harming others.
What is the ideal of ethical speechmaking according to Quintilian?
The ideal of ethical speechmaking, according to Quintilian, is “A good person speaking well,” which emphasizes both the speaker’s character and their ability to communicate effectively.
What should be considered when ensuring ethical goals in a speech?
When ensuring ethical goals, speakers must ensure their goals are ethically sound. They should carefully evaluate the ethics of their objectives, even if they may involve gray areas.
Why is honesty essential in ethical communication?
Honesty is essential because ethical communication relies on trust and truthfulness. Even if full truth is not possible due to limited information, speakers should aim for as much honesty as possible.
What should speakers avoid in their language to maintain ethical standards?
Speakers should avoid name-calling, defamation, and abusive language. These are unethical as they harm societal respect and encourage prejudice, disrespecting diversity and open expression.
What is global plagiarism, and how can it be avoided?
Global plagiarism is when a speaker steals an entire speech from one source and presents it as their own. It can be avoided by starting the speech preparation early and creating original content.
What is patchwork plagiarism, and what is a solution to prevent it?
Patchwork plagiarism is when a speaker uses content from multiple sources without properly crediting them. It can be avoided by developing a unique approach to the topic and using a variety of sources.
What is incremental plagiarism, and how can it be prevented?
Incremental plagiarism occurs when a speaker fails to credit specific parts of the speech, such as direct quotations or paraphrased ideas. It can be prevented by carefully citing sources for quotes and paraphrases.
What is self-awareness, and why is it important in communication?
Self-awareness is the understanding and communication of who you are to others. It is important because it helps improve communication skills by allowing individuals to understand how they present themselves to others.
How does self-concept influence communication?
Self-concept refers to your inner identity and subjective view of who you think you are. It is shaped by attitudes, beliefs, and values and influences how you communicate with others, as well as how others perceive you.
What are the three “selves” according to William James?
William James’s three selves are:
Material Self: Tangible possessions and physical self.
Social Self: How you interact with others.
Spiritual Self: Your beliefs and connection to larger forces.
How can self-esteem be influenced?
Self-esteem is influenced by factors such as gender, social comparisons, self-expectations, and self-fulfilling prophecies. These elements affect how individuals assess their worth.
How can self-esteem be enhanced through communication?
Self-esteem can be enhanced by practicing positive self-talk, visualizing desired behaviors, reframing experiences, building honest relationships, surrounding oneself with positive people, and letting go of past negative influences.
What is the perception process, and why do perceptions differ?
The perception process involves receiving, organizing, and interpreting information through your senses. Perceptions differ due to factors such as life experiences, upbringing, and personal development.
How can you commit to active listening?
To commit to active listening, you must prioritize the conversation, relax, breathe, slow down, and focus fully on the speaker.
What are the key elements of non-verbal communication in active listening?
Non-verbal communication in active listening includes body language such as nodding, maintaining eye contact, and observing the speaker’s gestures, tone, and posture.
What is the importance of verbal communication in active listening?
Verbal communication in active listening involves asking thoughtful questions, using small utterances to show engagement (like “I hear you”), and giving the speaker time to respond without interruptions.
How should you respond to what was said in an active listening conversation?
After asking a question, let the speaker respond without interrupting. Offer an informed response and reflect back what you heard to show understanding.
How can you keep the focus on the other person in a conversation?
To keep the focus on the other person, let the conversation be about their thoughts, resist interrupting with your own comments, and ensure your contributions are concise and relevant to their interests.
What are some nonverbal cues that can demonstrate active listening?
Nonverbal cues that show active listening include nodding, maintaining eye contact, and using appropriate facial expressions. These actions demonstrate attentiveness and engagement with the speaker.
How can verbal cues support effective listening?
Verbal cues like saying “I see,” “Got it,” or “Tell me more” encourage the speaker to continue and signal that you are actively listening without interrupting.
Why is it important to listen for ideas rather than focusing on every detail?
Listening for ideas helps you understand the broader message being conveyed, making it easier to grasp the main points. Focusing on every detail can distract you from the overall purpose of the conversation.
How can you stay focused on the speaker and the topic during a conversation?
To stay focused, avoid letting your mind wander, and give your full attention to the speaker. Acknowledge the importance of the topic and maintain mental engagement.
What are common distractions that affect listening?
Distractions can be external, like background noise, or internal, such as daydreaming or personal concerns. Reducing these distractions helps improve listening and comprehension.
How can preoccupation hinder effective listening?
When you’re mentally preoccupied with personal tasks or emotions, it becomes difficult to fully concentrate on what the speaker is saying. Clearing your mind and focusing on the conversation can improve your listening.
Why does focusing too much on details become a barrier to listening?
Over-focusing on small details may cause you to miss the main points or broader message the speaker is trying to communicate, leading to incomplete understanding.
How can being too focused on rebuttal prevent effective listening?
If you’re concentrating on how to respond or counter the speaker’s points, you may fail to truly listen and understand their perspective, which hinders communication.
How does listening differ from hearing?
Hearing is a passive, automatic process where sounds are perceived, while listening is an active process that involves receiving, understanding, interpreting, and responding to auditory stimuli.
What are the four types of listening?
The four types of listening are:
Appreciative Listening – Listening for enjoyment.
Empathic Listening – Listening to provide emotional support.
Comprehensive Listening – Listening to understand the message.
Critical Listening – Listening to evaluate and analyze the message.
What are some causes of poor listening?
Causes include not concentrating, listening too hard, jumping to conclusions, and focusing on the speaker’s delivery rather than the message.
What are some common note-taking pitfalls?
Common pitfalls include trying to write down everything verbatim and only noting the exciting parts, which leads to missing important details.
What are some tips for effective note-taking?
Effective note-taking involves focusing on main points and key evidence, using abbreviations and symbols, and organizing notes hierarchically, with main points at the top and supporting details below.
