Teaching Practice Flashcards
How does an L1 learner acquire language?
An L1 learner acquires language through daily interactions and communication with parents.
How does an L2 learner acquire language?
An L2 learner learns in a classroom with limited real-life practice.
Why are L2 learners less motivated than L1 learners?
L2 learning is not always a necessity for communication.
How can teachers encourage learner autonomy?
By allowing choices, using real-life contexts, and promoting self-assessment.
What are the main differences between L1 and L2 learning?
L1 learning is natural and daily, while L2 learning is classroom-based and less immediate.
What are the similarities between L1 and L2 learning?
Both follow developmental stages, require readiness, and need meaningful practice.
How can teachers support L2 learners in classrooms?
By creating purposeful learning, relating lessons to real life, and providing feedback.
What are the VAK learning styles?
Visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning styles.
How do visual learners learn best?
They learn best through images, charts, and reading.
What are some internal factors affecting learning?
Anxiety and motivation influence learning effectiveness.
What are external factors affecting learning?
Class setting, teaching style, and curriculum impact learning.
What is a syllabus?
A syllabus is a structured outline of a course.
What are key components of a syllabus?
Course content, objectives, assessments, teaching methods, and policies.
What are the types of syllabi?
Structural, functional, situational, task-based, content-based, and notional-functional.
What is the IRE classroom communication pattern?
It follows Initiation, Response, and Evaluation.
What is the IRF communication pattern?
It includes Initiation, Response, and Follow-up for natural conversations.
When should IRE be used?
It is useful for checking accuracy and reinforcing knowledge.
When should IRF be used?
It is useful for fluency-building and natural communication.
What is learner autonomy?
It is the ability of learners to take charge of their own learning.
How can teachers promote learner autonomy?
By encouraging inquiry, identifying learning styles, and using self-assessment.
What language does the Grammar Translation Method primarily use in class?
It uses the students’ first language (L1).
What is the focus of the Grammar Translation Method?
It focuses on translation and grammatical rules.
What is the main characteristic of the Direct Method?
It prohibits the use of L1 and emphasizes speaking.
How does the Audio-Lingual Method (ALM) teach language?
It uses repetitive drills and memorization.
What is the goal of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)?
It focuses on real-life communication.
How does Task-Based Learning (TBL) teach English?
It uses English as a tool to complete tasks.
What is the teacher’s role in the Grammar Translation Method?
The teacher explains grammar and corrects translations.
What is an example of a CLT activity?
Role-playing real-life conversations.
Why do teachers blend different methodologies?
To meet students’ needs effectively.
What are learning outcomes?
They define what students should achieve by the end of a lesson.
Why are learning outcomes important?
They help teachers plan lessons effectively.
What are Can-Do Statements used for?
They describe specific skills students should achieve at each level.
What does PPP stand for in lesson planning?
Present, Practice, and Produce.
What does PDP stand for in lesson planning?
Pre-, During-, and Post-activity.
What is the difference between formative and summative assessment?
Formative is ongoing, while summative is at the end of a course.
Why is needs assessment important?
It helps teachers understand students’ prior knowledge and goals.
What are receptive skills in language learning?
Reading and listening.
What are productive skills in language learning?
Speaking and writing.
Why is pair work useful in language learning?
It provides more speaking opportunities.
What is the difference between fluency and accuracy?
Fluency is about natural speech, while accuracy is about correctness.
What is a rubric used for in assessment?
It defines quality expectations for student work.
What is self-assessment?
Students evaluate their own work.
What is an example of a constructed response assessment?
Writing an essay.
What is an example of a selected response assessment?
A multiple-choice test.
How do assessments help teachers?
They guide teaching and track student progress.
What is assessment?
It is the process of evaluating student learning, skills, and abilities.
What is the purpose of assessment?
It helps teachers understand student progress and adjust instruction.
When is diagnostic assessment used?
At the beginning of a course to identify prior knowledge.
What is formative assessment?
It provides feedback during learning to guide instruction.
What is summative assessment?
It measures overall learning outcomes at the end of a course.
What is performance assessment?
It requires students to demonstrate skills through tasks or projects.
What is self and peer assessment?
Students assess their own or each other’s work.
What are examples of assessments?
Tests, quizzes, essays, presentations, and projects.
How should assessments be planned?
Based on learning objectives to track progress and improvement.
Why use L1 for giving directions?
To ensure understanding without focusing on English.
When should L1 be used for explanations?
When introducing new or difficult concepts.
Why use English for classroom language?
To expose students to everyday English.
What is accuracy in language learning?
Speaking or writing without errors.
What is fluency in language learning?
Speaking or writing naturally without frequent corrections.
How can fluency be practiced?
Through role-plays and interviews.
What is circumlocution?
Describing a word without saying it directly.
How does personalization help learning?
It engages students through real-life experiences.
What are textbook adaptations?
Modifying activities to be more interactive or relatable.
What is realia in teaching?
Using authentic materials like menus or advertisements.
What is teaching?
The transfer of knowledge from teacher to pupils.
What is the modern teacher’s role?
A facilitator, mentor, and collaborator.
What is induction and closure skill?
The ability to start and end lessons effectively.
What is explaining skill?
The ability to clearly present concepts to students.
What is questioning skill?
The ability to ask meaningful questions to engage students.
What is variation stimulus?
Using different teaching methods to maintain student interest.
What is reinforcement skill?
Providing feedback and encouragement to students.
What is classroom management skill?
Managing student behavior and class activities effectively.
What is teaching small group and individual skill?
Adapting teaching methods for different group sizes.
What do learning outcomes define?
What students should be able to do by the end of a lesson or course.
What is the purpose of vocabulary activities?
To teach aspects of a word, such as form, meaning, and use.
How does a word search activity support learning outcomes?
It helps students recognize spelling, understand meaning, and practice writing.
What is formative assessment used for?
To monitor student progress and adjust teaching accordingly.
What is the purpose of summative assessment?
To evaluate overall achievement at the end of a unit or course.
Give an example of a formative assessment for free-time activity verbs.
Picture prompts for verbal descriptions.
Give an example of a summative assessment for vocabulary learning.
A multiple-choice test on appropriate vocabulary.
What are the three aspects of vocabulary assessment?
Form, meaning, and use.
What is passive vocabulary?
Words students recognize but do not actively use.
How can passive vocabulary be assessed?
Through reading and listening activities.
What is active vocabulary?
Words students can use in speaking and writing.
Give an example of an assessment for active vocabulary.
Role-plays or writing activities.
What is self-assessment?
A process where students evaluate their own learning progress.
Give one benefit of self-assessment.
It increases learner autonomy.
What is a common method for teaching vocabulary?
The Present-Practice-Produce (PPP) method.
What are the three stages of the PPP method?
Presentation, practice, and production.
What is implicit vocabulary teaching?
Teaching vocabulary indirectly through exposure in context.
What is explicit vocabulary teaching?
Directly teaching word meanings, definitions, and word families.
What are the two types of language input?
Listening and reading.
What are the two types of language output?
Speaking and writing.
Why is constructive feedback important?
It helps students identify strengths and areas for improvement.
How can teachers encourage risk-taking in language learning?
By creating a safe environment where mistakes are seen as learning opportunities.
What is the difference between high-frequency words and academic word lists?
High-frequency words are common in daily conversations, while academic word lists are used in formal and academic contexts.
Why is learning collocations important?
It helps students use words naturally and fluently.
Give an example of a controlled vocabulary activity.
Matching words to pictures.
What are two vocabulary presentation methods?
Pictures and definitions.
What do controlled activities help with?
Meaning, spelling, and pronunciation.
How do matching activities help?
They connect words to definitions or pictures.
What is the purpose of crossword puzzles?
To review vocabulary in a fun way.
What do word family tables teach?
How words are formed.
How does dictionary work help students?
It teaches word meanings and collocations.
Producing Vocabulary
What is the goal of vocabulary production activities?
To move words from passive to active use.
How do role-plays help?
They provide real-life speaking practice.
Why are interviews useful?
They improve natural communication skills.
What is realia?
Real-life objects used in class.
Why use authentic materials?
To show real-world word usage.
What is an example of authentic material?
A lemonade recipe.
What is a benefit of dictation?
It helps with listening and spelling.
How does Pictionary support learning?
It reinforces vocabulary through drawing.
Why use a vocabulary wall?
To visually organize new words.
What are the three aspects of grammar?
Form, meaning, and use.
What does “Can you open the window?” mean?
A request or question about ability.
How does context affect grammar use?
It determines formality and meaning.
How is written communication different?
It is more structured and formal.
What is a feature of spoken language?
It uses contractions and fillers.
Why does spoken grammar omit words?
For faster, more natural speech.
What should you check before using an activity?
Its learning aim.
What is formative assessment?
Ongoing monitoring of progress.
What is summative assessment?
Final evaluation of learning outcomes.
Do students need grammar rules?
Yes, they help connect to their native language.
Why is metalanguage important?
It helps students understand grammar better.
Why are meaning and use important in grammar?
Grammar rules alone are not enough for communication.
What does “I’m having lunch with an old friend” indicate?
It can show present action or future plans.
What do communicative grammar activities focus on?
They help students use grammar in real-world contexts.
What is a controlled activity in grammar learning?
It focuses on forming a specific grammatical structure.
What is an open-ended activity?
It encourages broader language use.
What are the three stages of the PPP model?
Presentation, Practice, and Production.
How does deductive teaching work?
The teacher explains rules first, then gives examples.
How does inductive teaching work?
Students analyze examples to find grammar rules.
What is task-based teaching?
Students complete a task before learning grammar.
Why is feedback important in grammar teaching?
It helps students improve and correct mistakes.
What is corrective feedback?
It identifies and corrects grammar errors.
What is positive feedback?
It praises correct usage and effort.
How can teachers provide corrective feedback?
By guiding students to self-correct errors.
How can online resources help in grammar learning?
They offer extra practice and interactive exercises.
What are the criteria for assessing conversations?
Accuracy, fluency, appropriacy, comprehensibility.
What additional categories can be included in a speaking rubric?
Creativity, organization, body language.
Why is self and peer assessment useful?
It helps students reflect on strengths and weaknesses.
How can teachers create a relaxed atmosphere for speaking assessments?
By asking warm-up questions and sharing criteria
What is the main focus in pronunciation assessment?
Comprehensibility.
What should low-level students focus on in pronunciation?
Phonemes that affect comprehension.
What should advanced students focus on in pronunciation?
Intonation, stress, and connected speech.
What activity helps assess contrasting phonemes?
Phoneme contrast.
What activity helps assess vowel pronunciation?
Vowel and diphthong practice.
How can word stress be assessed?
By practicing syllable stress in words.
What activity helps students practice sentence stress?
Contrastive stress exercises.
What is an effective way to assess intonation?
Intonation pattern activities.
What are communicative functions?
Language used for actions like requesting and complaining.
Give an example of a request.
“Can you call me about the project?”
What is formulaic language?
Common fixed phrases in communication.
What is circumlocution?
Describing something in other words.
What is metalanguage in pronunciation?
Terms like consonant, vowel, and intonation.
What are suprasegmental pronunciation features?
Stress, connected speech, intonation.
What activity helps with stress and intonation?
Using songs and poems.
What is an intensive listening strategy?
Listening for specific details and recognizing word patterns.
What does extensive listening involve?
Predicting, making inferences, and listening for main ideas.
What is a two-way listening strategy?
Asking for repetition, clarification, and confirming understanding.
Why is practicing listening strategies important?
It improves students’ listening skills and communication.
What is top-down listening?
Using background knowledge to understand the main idea.
What is an example of a top-down listening activity?
Listening to a story and writing a title.
What is bottom-up listening?
Focusing on specific words, grammar, and sounds.
What are pre-listening activities for?
Activating background knowledge and predicting content.
Give an example of a pre-listening activity.
Discussing pictures before listening to a story.
What is the purpose of during-listening activities?
To help students focus on key details while listening
What is an example of a during-listening activity?
Completing a cloze activity.
What do post-listening activities help with?
Critical thinking and making inferences.
What is an example of a post-listening activity?
Summarizing the audio content.
What is intensive listening?
A detailed focus on specific skills using bottom-up processing.
What is extensive listening?
Listening for fluency and enjoyment using top-down processing.
How can teachers give effective feedback?
By being supportive and providing specific improvement tips.
What is a feedback strategy for sound issues?
Explaining differences in vowel sound length.
How can students improve their listening comprehension?
By listening for stressed words and key phrases.
What is an example of a sound system activity?
Listening and repeating words or sentences.
What is the purpose of sound discrimination activities?
To distinguish between similar sounds.
Why is stress and intonation practice important?
It improves pronunciation and comprehension.
What is an example of a meaning-focused listening activity?
Matching pictures to conversations.
What is an inference-based listening activity?
Guessing meaning from implied information.
What is an example of applying listening information?
Filling in a chart based on a phone message.
Why should students practice both top-down and bottom-up listening?
Because different situations require different skills.
How can teachers make listening activities more engaging?
By using visual aids and interactive exercises.
Why is background knowledge important in listening?
It helps predict and understand spoken content.
What should students do if they don’t understand something while listening?
Ask for repetition or clarification.
What is an example of an authentic listening material?
A recorded weather report from TV or radio.
How should teachers handle unfamiliar vocabulary in realia?
Write words with definitions or drawings on the board.
When should teachers avoid using an authentic material?
When it contains too many unfamiliar words.
How can dialogue practice be made interactive?
By using choral repetition and pair work.
What is a retelling activity?
Students rewrite or retell a textbook story.
How can sentence strips improve listening?
Students reorder them to form dialogues.
What is an example of a critical thinking listening activity?
Discussing the advantages of winter sleep.
How can students track their extensive listening?
By keeping a listening log.
How do online resources help with listening skills?
They offer varied and practical listening experiences.
Why is extensive listening beneficial?
It improves fluency and enjoyment in language learning.
What is decoding in reading?
Understanding how written symbols represent sounds and words.
What are two key approaches to decoding?
Matching letters to sounds and recognizing whole words.
What should fluent readers focus on?
Both decoding and understanding meaning.
Why is recognizing genre important?
It helps predict text structure and purpose.
What is bottom-up processing?
Reading by focusing on vocabulary, grammar, and details.
What is top-down processing?
Understanding the general idea using background knowledge.
What is interactive processing?
Combining bottom-up and top-down strategies.
What is extensive reading?
Reading longer texts for general understanding.
What is intensive reading?
Reading for specific details and information.
How does extensive reading help fluency?
It uses top-down processing.
How does intensive reading help comprehension?
It combines bottom-up and top-down processing.
What is scanning in intensive reading?
Looking for specific information like names or dates.
What is skimming in extensive reading?
Quickly identifying the main idea of a text.
Why should teachers teach reading strategies?
To help students know when to use them effectively.
How can students balance top-down and bottom-up reading?
By predicting first, then focusing on details.
What type of skill is writing?
Writing is a productive skill.
Why is writing important for students?
It helps with studying abroad and international work.
What must writers consider before writing?
Purpose, audience, and genre.
What does writing communicate?
A message in context.
What is genre in writing?
The type of text, like a letter or shopping list.
What is formulaic language?
Set phrases used in specific writing genres.
Why does writing need accuracy?
It lacks non-verbal cues unlike speaking.
What is the first step in the writing process?
Idea generation through brainstorming
What happens in the planning step?
Organizing ideas using outlines or notes.
