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CSI (3rd year) > Theory of CSI > Flashcards

Theory of CSI Flashcards

1
Q

what does ALS stand for

A

alternate light source

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2
Q

what does FLS stand for

A

forensic light source

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3
Q

are ALS/FLS portable

A

most yes

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4
Q

are ALS/FLS used at crime scenes or labs

A

both

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5
Q

at a crime scene, what will be used to search for evidence (via light)

A

FLS

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6
Q

are the search results found by FLS conclusive

A

nope, presumptive (need to be confirmed by lab for DNA)

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7
Q

how do you determine which wavelength to use for ALS

A

trial and error

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8
Q

describe how to use ALS/FLS photography

A
  • search the scene using the light and note items/areas of interest
  • you need to wear goggles (w colour filter)
  • setup your camera for photos w a tripod, using the same filter as the goggles youre wearing
  • no flash needed
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9
Q

what camera settings are needed with ALS/FLS photography

A
  • otange filter on lens
  • high depth of field
  • low ISO
  • exposure- timed
  • will need to try diff time lengths (trial and error) to get right amount of light
  • use remote shutter release cord
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10
Q

what did alphonse bertillon do

A
  • created a system of identification based on 11 body measurements (anthropometry)
  • standardized the way mug shots were taken
  • added profile photo
  • developed a method to photo CS and evidence
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11
Q

describe how bertillon’s photoing method worked

A
  • using a high tripod
  • decided photos were to be taken before the scene was disturbed
  • included a scale along the edges of his photos
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12
Q

when did bertillon do his thing

A

1882

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13
Q

when did hans gross do his thing

A

1891

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14
Q

what did hans gross do

A
  • coined the term criminalistics
  • published “criminal investigation”, the 1st comprehensive description for using physical evidence to solve crime
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15
Q

when did edmund locard do his thing

A

1910

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16
Q

what did locard do

A
  • made “locards exchange principle”
  • created the 1st crime lab in france
  • studying fingerprints a bunch too
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17
Q

when was the 1st US crime lab opened

A

1924

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18
Q

when was the american academy of FS formed, and begin to public the JFS

A

1950

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19
Q

when was the application of GC described in regards to gas product idnetification

A

1960

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20
Q

when did gunshot residue detection using electron microscopy get developed

A

1974

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21
Q

when was the development of fingerprints using superglue fuming discovered

A

1977

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22
Q

when was DNA used for the 1st time in a criminal case

A

1986

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23
Q

when did the FBI introduce searches in the AFIS fingerprint database

A

1996

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24
Q

when did the NAS report get released

A

2009

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25
Q

when was the hart house report get published

A

2012

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26
Q

when did the PCAST report discuss comparison disciplines in a full and frank manor

A

2016

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27
Q

what are crime scene examiners responsible for

A
  • recording, documenting and examining the scene
  • collection and preservation of evidence
  • submitting exhibits for further examination (CFS in Ontario)
  • carrying out their role independently and without tunnel vision
  • being a support service to front line officers and investigators
  • testifying in court
28
Q

what is the 3-step process to CSE

A
  1. learn gather info/intelligence, scene housekeeping
  2. plan scene walk through assess, develop plan and prioritize
  3. act processing the scene
29
Q

what happens in step 1 of the 3 step process learning

A
  • speak w first responders
  • consider possible safety issues (PPE?)
  • determine what search authority you are using (consent? legislation?)
  • evaluate and establish a path of entry/exit
  • evaluate initial scene boundaries (multiple scenes? prioritize which ones?)
  • request additional investgative resources as determined/ needed
  • ensure continued scene integrity
30
Q

what happens in step 2 of the 3 step process plan the scene walk through

A
  • wear appropriate PPE
  • identify any fragile/ perishable evidence to be collected first
  • formulate a plan to process the scene (prioritize!)
  • develop a general theory of the CS
31
Q

what is the benefit of doing a scene walk through

A
  • provides the 1st opportunity to see and identify valuable/ fragile evidence
  • allows for the development of a plan
32
Q

what does PPE stand for

A

personal protective equipement

33
Q

what is the typical order of scene processing

A
  • photography
  • video (if needed)
  • notes
  • rough sketch w measurements
  • scene examination (ALS, bloodstain etc)
  • exhibit collection
  • search for further evidence
34
Q

what does UAV stand for

A

unmanned aerial vehicle

35
Q

why would we use a UAV

A
  • cheaper than conventional aircraft to deploy
  • faster to scene
  • more readily available
  • picture and video quality are to court expectations
36
Q

why use a video in a CS

A
  • provides a quick overall perspective
  • can tie various areas and scenes together
  • starts from exterior and moves to interior
37
Q

what are some examples of specialists/ experts

A
  • drone operator
  • dive team
  • FIS/ BPA
  • search team
  • measuring
  • towing
  • body removal
  • coroner
38
Q

what are the different lawful authorities by which crime scenes can be entered upon and have items seized by

A
  • consent
  • search warrant
  • legislation
39
Q

describe voluntary consent as a way to enter a CS

A
  • the most typical
  • an individual consents to them coming in
  • ex. business calls police to report a B&E, so they then come in and search
40
Q

what case outlines conditions of informed consent

A

R v WIlls 1992

41
Q

what are the requirements for informed consent

A
  • The person did consent to the search
  • The person has to have the authority to consent to the search
  • The person giving consent was aware of what the police were going to do
  • The consent was voluntary (no threats or promises)
  • The person was aware of the right to refuse to give consent
  • The person was aware of the potential consequences of giving consent
42
Q

under what section of the CC are search warrants outlined

A

s487

43
Q

explain how search warrants work

A
  • they’re a temporary authority to search a place for the purpose of seizing “things” (not including drugs!!)
  • police officer (informant) provides evidence that gives the issuing justice “reasonable grounds” to grant the order to search
44
Q

what is needed to search for an seize drugs

A
  • warrant under the controlled drugs and substances act
  • NOT the CC
45
Q

what does the coroners act (Ontario) give coroners the authority to do

A
  • coroner may enter and inspect any place where a dead body is and any place a body was removed from (based on rg)
  • can inspect and seize anything relevant to investigation
  • police must assist coroner when requested
  • coroner may authorize police to exercise any of the coroners powers
  • does NOT allow for any other type of scene examination
46
Q

what is a primary CS

A

location where actual crime or initial crime occurred

47
Q

the location of a body at a murder scene is a ___ (primary/secondary) scene

A

primary

48
Q

what is a secondary CS

A

location where subsequent crime or actions related to initial crime occurred

49
Q

“the location where stolen vehicle was recovered form that was used to flee form murder scene” is an example of ___ (primary/secondary) scene

A

secondary

50
Q

“when a body was moved to location other than murder scene” it is a ___ (primary/secondary) scene

A

secondary

51
Q

do police need permission to close an area in the public domain

A

no

52
Q

do police need permission to close an area owned by some level of government

A

no

53
Q

what are some examples of impression evidence

A
  • fingerprints
  • footwear
  • tire trackes
54
Q

what are some examples of DNA evidence

A
  • blood
  • hait
  • bodily fluids
55
Q

what are some examples of physical evidence

A
  • clothing
  • weapons
  • tools
  • documents
56
Q

what are some examples of digital evidence

A
  • computers
  • security cameras
  • cell phones
57
Q

what are 4 key types of evidence

A
  • impression
  • DNA
  • physical
  • digital
58
Q

where is the centre of forensic science

A

toronto (also sault ste marie)

59
Q

what are the sections of the CFS

A
  • biololgy
  • chemistry
  • documents
  • firearms and toolmarks
  • toxicology
60
Q

what provides an overview of the collection and packaging requirements for items being submitted to the CFS

A

the handbook of forensic evidence for the investigator

61
Q

what does HVS stand for

A

high volume service

62
Q

what does VCS stand for

A

violent crime service

63
Q

when is HVS used

A
  • mainly B&Es, theft, drug offences, weapons, stolen vehicles
  • only acceps cigarette butts, swabs, cut outs from envelope flaps
64
Q

when is VCS used

A
  • all primary designated offences except B&E
  • homicides, robbery, sexual assault
65
Q

where are DNA designated offences laid out

A

s487.04 of CC

66
Q

what happens regarding DNA collection when someone is convicted of a primary DNA designated offences

A
  • DNA databank order is compulsory for anyone convicted of one of these offences
  • extensive list of offences
67
Q
A

CSI (3rd year) (14 decks)

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