Theory of Age-Graded Informal Social Control "Turning Points" (Quiz 5)

Question 1

“Turning Points” Theory

Answer 1

a theory about continuity and change that combines Social Bond Theory with Labeling Theory and Social Disorganization.

Question 2

Collective efficacy (from Sampson studies)

Answer 2

the perceived ability of neighborhood residents to activate informal social control

Question 3

Social capital (from non-Sampson studies)

Answer 3

the features of a social organization such as networks, norms, and social trust that facilitate coordination and cooperation for mutual benefit

Question 4

Update in Age-Graded Informal Social Control theory

Answer 4

failure to bond with parents or school in childhood does not preclude other social bonds

Question 5

Developmental turning points

Answer 5

Marriage, employment, military service

Question 6

Theorists acknowledge the possibility of underlying pathological differences in childhood, but argue that

Answer 6

informal social control trumps any individual differences

Question 7

The Social Capital from Adult Turning Points causes

Answer 7

desistance, with more capital, crime becomes too “costly” for an individual

Question 8

Cumulative Disadvantage

Answer 8

Structural inequalities that limit the ability to build meaningful social capital, incorporation of social disorganization

Question 9

Cumulative Continuity

Answer 9

Social consequences of prior criminal behavior that limits future opportunities, incorporation of labeling theory

Question 10

The Age-Graded Informal Social Control Theory assumes that

Answer 10

humans are inherently self-interested (so born anti-social), they learn restraint from society and are compromised by unseen sociological forces (micro level explanation)