Theory Chapter 1

Question 1

Why theories are used in the mass media research?

Answer 1

Theories are used as springboards to develop bodies of information. They are a set of propositions that are syntactically integrated and which serve as a means of predicting and explaining observable phenomena.

Question 2

Where Replication has been used?

Answer 2

A study provides information that say that “this may be the case”, for others to be relatively certain of the results of any study, that the research must be replicated or repeated.

Question 3

Name the research methods and designs.

Answer 3

1. Design specific results - results based on and specific to the design used.
2. Sample specific results - to eliminate the subjects with a variety of characteristics that are studied from many angles.
3. Method specific results - to eliminate statistical analysis that need to be varied.

Question 4

What is Pseudoscience or “bad science”?

Answer 4

It is a claim, belief or practice which is incorrectly presented as scientific, but does not adhere to a valid scientific method, cannot be reliably tested, or otherwise lacks scientific status.

Question 5

Name the 4 types of replication

Answer 5

a. Literal - exact duplication of previous analysis.
b. Operational - duplication of only the sampling and experimental procedures.
c. Instrumental - duplicates the dependent measures used in previous study
d. Constructive - tests the validity of methods used previously by not deliberately not imitating the earlier study.