Theory Assessment 2 Weeks 5-8 (RESP + CARDIO) Flashcards

Question

Epiglottitis Radiographic Appearance

Answer 1

- Lateral S.T neck shows rounded THICKENING of epiglottic shadow - can cause OBSTRUCTION

Answer 2

infection/inflammation of the lungs -caused by BACTERIA or VIRUSES from aspiration - alveolar pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, interstitial pneumonia

Answer 3

"AIR SPACE" pneumonia - bacterial (pneumococcus) - inflammatory EXUDATE (fluid) replaces air in alveoli

Answer 4

-WHITE RADIOPAQUE areas of exudate in lobes - "Air Bronchogram Sign" = dark lungs with white spots

Answer 5

- bacterial (staphylococcus) - INFLAMMATION starting in BRONCHIS/ bronchial mucosa and spreading to alveoli - airway obstruction=atelectasis

Answer 6

- MULTIPLE small patches of CONSOLIDATION (disease filled sacs) - atelactasis - bronchogram ABSENT

Answer 7

- viral or mycoplasmal - INFLAMMATION in walls of ALVEOLI/ alveoli septa

Answer 8

- LINEAR / RETICULAR (netlike) pattern of disease in lungs - HONEYCOMB lung (if severe) (cysts)

Answer 9

- caused by ASPIRATION (breathing IN material) - ESOPHAGEAL/GASTRIC contents

Answer 10

- MULTIPLE alveolar DENSITIES widely spread/diffused - POST upper/lower lobes

Answer 11

area of PULMONARY PARENCHYMA containing PURULENT (puslike) material - becomes encapsulated in FIBROUS WALL - fever, cough, foul smelling sputum

Answer 12

- SPHERICAL density with dense CENTER - hazy/poor defined periphery - AIR FLUID level if communicates with bronhial TREE

Answer 13

- BACTERIAL infection affecting LUNGS - SPREAD by COUGHING - may heal and leave SCAR / may become fatal and HUGE - treat with ANTIBIOTICS - UPPER LOBE of lung

Answer 14

- well DEFINED, dense LESIONS in UPPER lobe - ENLARGED mediastinal LYMPH nodes - pleural effusion

Answer 15

- upper lobes, apical, posterior segments - HAZY infiltrate radiating OUT from HILIUM

Answer 16

- dissemination of disease through BLOODSTREAM - many FINE, DISCREET nodules (granulomas)

Answer 17

- sharply DEFINED NODULE containing TB bacilli - can develop into PRIM/SEC TB

Answer 18

- affects mostly CHILDREN - attacks LOWER resp tract - causes bronchiolitis = interstitial pneumonia - wear PPE (contact + droplet)

Answer 19

- hyperINFLATION - diffuse markings -necrosis of respiratory lining

Answer 20

VIRAL respiratory infection caused by CORONAVIRUS - contact + droplet - fever, head/body aches, dry cough, resp distress

Answer 21

- infiltrates -consolidation (white)

Answer 22

- many OBSTRUCTIONS of airways - caused by SMOKING, POLLUTION, ASBESTOS - chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, bronchiectasis

Answer 23

INFLAMMATION of bronchi - walls THICKEN - excessive MUCUS - 1-2 weeks

Answer 24

- typically NORMAL images

Answer 25

- RECURRING/LONGSTANDING bronchitis - excessive MUCUS+NARROWING of airways

Answer 26

- hyperINFLATION - FLATTENED diaphragm - "dirty chest" - "tram lines"

Answer 27

- shortness of breath - air TRAPPED in lungs - caused by pollution, smoking, bronchitis…

Answer 28

- extremely LONG lungs - LOW FLATTENED diaphragm - VERTICAL heart - "dirty chest" -SEPTATIONS (CT)

Answer 29

- common - NARROWING of airways due to ALLERGENS (EXT=dust, pollen, mold) (INT=excersise, heat, cold)

Answer 30

- normal images - may show "DIRTY chest"

Answer 31

PERMANENT abnormal DILATION of bronchi due to destruction - hard to clear MUCUS - CHRONIC cough

Answer 32

- coarseness - blurring of markings - oval/circular SPACES (honeycomb)

Answer 33

most COMMON lung cancer - arises from MUCOSA and the bronchial tree - mimics pneumonia

Answer 34

- small round masses - atelectasis (collapsed lung) - pneumonia distal to bronchus - UNIlateral hilium enlargement

Answer 35

cancers from other parts in the body that may METASTASIZE into the lungs through the circulatory/lymphatic systems

Answer 36

- nodules throughout the lungs - LARGE round well defined masses (cannonball) - miliary (snowstorm)

Answer 37

embolus (clot, air bubble, fat…) transported through the bloodstream to the lungs - LODGES in pulmonary artery circulation - can cause pulmonary infarct

Answer 38

- chest xray appears NORMAL - may show lucency - enlargement of the ipsilateral main pulmonary artery Infarcted: - Hamptons Hump (enlarged wedge shape) at lung base

Answer 39

abnormal vascular communication from pulmonary artery to pulmonary vein - DEC oxygenation - may develop cyanosis (bluish)

Answer 40

round/ oval lobulated MASS in lower lobe area - angiography for diagnosis

Answer 41

diminished air in lung associated with decreased lung volume - from bronchial OBSTRUCTION - air unable to enter parts of lungs= lung collapses

Answer 42

- localized INC of density streaks/ lobar collapse - lobar fissure displacement - ELEVATION of ipsilateral hemidiaphragm - DISPLACED heart

Answer 43

- severe + unexpected - lungs breakdown - lungs fill with fluid - may be from non-thoracic trauma -may be from drug overdose

Answer 44

ill-defined alveolar consolidation scattered throughout lungs - heart size remains normal

Answer 45

aspirated/ingested/penetrated - some radiopaque, some radiolucent - in LOWER lobes

Answer 46

- obstruction items - alveolar collapse if air is trapped - heart and mediastinum shift to AFFECTED side - ipsilateral hemidiaphragm rises

Answer 47

air is ABNORMALLY present within BODY TISSUES - air trapped in lungs - less O2 in bloodstream - heart ENLARGES to compensate

Answer 48

- extremely LONG lungs - flattened diaphragm - vertical heart - INC retrosternal airspace

Answer 49

air within MEDIASTINUM (between lungs) - from alveolar rupture, chest trauma, perforation… -may cause subcutaneus emphysema

Answer 50

- air may OUTLINE aorta + pulmonary trunk - linear opacity lining the heart - collection of air behind the sternum - thymus may be ELEVATED in INFANTS

Answer 51

- forced AIR into lung tissues of chest wall - hear/feel crepitation (crackling) in chest, arms, neck - caused by blunt injuries

Answer 52

- streaks of LUCENCY (air) outlining muscle bundles of chest wall

Answer 53

- air in PLEURAL space/cavity - compresses/collapses lung - heart + mediastinum may shift - sudden/severe chest pain

Answer 54

- hyperlucent area = pulmonary markings become ABSENT - can see VISCERAL (pleural) line around lungs

Answer 55

accumulation of FLUID in pleural space - OUTSIDE lungs - can cause infections, embolisms, heart failure - INC mAs

Answer 56

- BLUNTING of costophrenic angle - white radiopaque area at angles - may displace mediastinum - elevate hemidiaphragm

Answer 57

- presence of INFECTED liquid/pus in pleural space - from nearby infection, trauma, or thoracic surgery

Answer 58

-loculated fluid lesion - air fluid level - discrete mass

Answer 59

- abnormal accumulation of FLUID in lung TISSUE -INSIDE lungs - caused by CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE - INC mAs

Answer 60

- "fuzziness" of pulmonary markings - bilateral shape with butterfly/bat-like shape - accentuation of vascular markings about the hilia

Answer 61

- DEATH (necrosis) of a small area of lung caused by ischemia - due to PULMONARY EMBOLISM - pain in chest, back

Answer 62

Hamptons Hump (enlarged wedge) in LOWER lobe of lungs

Answer 63

presence of BLOOD in the pleural space - from penetrating trauma, disease, iatrogenic causes

Answer 64

- appears as pleural effusion - blunted costophrenic angle with meniscal fluid shape

Answer 65

INFLAMMATION of mucous membrane of the nasal sinuses - due to BLOCKED sinus drainage - excess mucus

Answer 66

mucosal THICKENING appearing as S.T density lining the sinus walls - mucus shows as WHITE area - horizontal beam to acquire air fluid levels

Answer 67

- right atrium - left atrium - right ventricle -left ventricle Ventricles are THICKER

Answer 68

- Mitral (bicuspid) = between L atrium/ventricle - Tricuspid = between R atrium/ventricle - Pulmonary = between R ventricle/ pulmonary artery - Aortic = between L ventricle/ aorta

Answer 69

DEoxygenated blood - > Lungs

Answer 70

oxygenated blood - > Body

Answer 71

1. RIGHT atrium 2. Tricuspid valve 3. RIGHT ventricle 4. Pulmonary Semilunar Valve 5. Pulmonary Artery 6. LUNG 7. Pulmonary Vein 8. LEFT atrium 9. Mitral (Bicuspid) valve 10. LEFT ventricle 11. Aortic Semilunar Valve 12. Aorta

Answer 72

"MANY" heart defects - narrowing of aorta - shunts

Answer 73

free communication between both ATRIA due to lack of foramen ovale closure after birth - most COMMON - shunt OVERLOADS right ventricle

Answer 74

ENLARGEMENT of RIGHT ventricle, atrium, pulmonary outlflow tract

Answer 75

abnormal OPENING between ventricles shunt=diastolic overflow of LEFT ventricle+atrium

Answer 76

-LARGE pulmonary trunk - enlarged LEFT ventricle + atrium

Answer 77

vessel shunts blood from PULMONARY artery into systemic circulation - DOES NOT close after birth = EXCESS blood returned to LEFT atrium+ventricle

Answer 78

-enlarged LEFT atrium + ventricle + pulmonary arteries -prominent aortic KNOB

Answer 79

1. Ventricular Septal DEFECT 2. Pulmonary Stenosis (NARROWING) 3. MISPLACE aorta 4. RIGHT ventricular hypertrophy (THICKENED wall)

Answer 80

- clubbing of fingers/toes - cyanosis at birth - congestive heart failure

Answer 81

heart looks like a BOOT

Answer 82

CONSTRICTION of aorta beyond branching of blood vessels to head + arms - DEC blood flow to abdomen + legs = LOW BP in legs

Answer 83

- rib NOTCHING - 2 BULGES in aortic valve = "3 sign" - NARROWING of vessel

Answer 84

- INC of heart size - congenital/ acquired - due to HYPERTENSION

Answer 85

-ENLARGED cardiac silhouette -identifies abnormalities + shape of heart

Answer 86

- NARROWING of coronary arteries - causes oxygen DEPRIVATION - can cause heart attack due to dead heart tissues

Answer 87

- CALCIFICATION of coronary artery - constriction of artery (appears THIN)

Answer 88

- recurring severe CHEST PAIN - may be in neck, jaw, arm - chest tightness/ suffocation - may occur after EXCERSISE

Answer 89

-from ATHERESCLEROSIS of coronary arteries - deprives myocardium of blood - heart CANNOT PUMP

Answer 90

- calcification of coronary artery - soft plaque -check heart size/movement

Answer 91

-heart unable to pump blood at a sufficient RATE/VOLUME to provide body with blood - due to hypertension

Answer 92

- cardiac ENLARGEMENT -WIDENED upper mediastinum - pleural effusions - DILATED pulmonary veins

Answer 93

HIGH blood pressure - leading cause of strokes/kidney damage

Answer 94

weakness in vessels = possibly RUPTURE = possible IMMEDIATE DEATH

Answer 95

-NOT seen unless CALCIUM is present -CT with CM enhances visibility

Answer 96

-sac like aneurysm on artery - CLIPPING surgery to remove (stops from rupturing/bleeding)

Answer 97

- occurs from CHEST TRAUMA - near complete TEAR through of aorta

Answer 98

- hemorrhage into mediastinum = WIDEN - collection of BLOOD over LEFT lung APEX - loss of aortic knob shadow

Answer 99

tear in INNNER WALL of aorta = blood flows between layers of wall = RUPTURE - may form aneurysm

Answer 100

WIDENING of AORTIC border - irregular/wavy

Answer 101

- arterial wall THICKENS - calcification of small arteries - fat, cholesterol, calcium

Answer 102

further than ARTERIOSCLEROSIS - moves to obstruction of medium arteries -plaque formation - cause stroke

Answer 103

PLAQUES along vessel track

Answer 104

hardening, narrowing of vessels in legs and arms

Answer 105

- diffuse vascular narrowing - lumen defects

Answer 106

- mass/clot adhering to blood vessel wall - can cause BLOCKAGE - can become embolus

Answer 107

- partial/full occlusion of vessel - blockage in vessel

Answer 108

- thrombus development in DEEP VEINS - lower extremities - legs red, swollen, painful - clot may dislodge to lungs!!

Answer 109

-partial/full occlusion filling defects

Answer 110

NARROWING of MITRAL valve - result of valve thickening - affects LEFT ventricle and atrium

Answer 111

- LEFT atrium ENLARGEMENT - double contour - widening of CARINA

Answer 112

- obstruction of blood floe EXITING the heart from LEFT VENTRICLE - INC workload of LV

Answer 113

- ENLARGEMENT of LEFT ventricle - aortic valve CALCIFICATION - ASC aorta bulging

Answer 114

- accumulation of FLUIDS surrounding HEART - can cause cardiac tamponade

Answer 115

- ENLARGEMENT of cardiac silhouette - water bottle sign

Answer 116

1. abnormal connection between ARTERY and VEIN 2. blood clots or bleeding in the BRAIN typically

Answer 117

- filling defect - unusual vasculature

Answer 118

abnormal IIREGULAR heart BEAT - tachy = too FAST - brady = too SLOW - electrical problem

Answer 119

- heart on OPPOSITE part of the body - other organs may be reversed