Theory And Methods Flashcards
With which research method does a sociologist need to consider the Hawthorne Effect?
Participant observation
The Hawthorne Effect refers to changes in behavior when individuals are aware they are being studied.
What are the three stages of participant observation?
- Engagement
- Observation
- Exit
What term is used to describe the functionalist idea that the structures of society work together in the same way as the human body?
Organic analogy
Which sociologist is associated with the idea of Falsification?
Karl Popper
What term is used to describe when a participant changes behavior to appear more socially acceptable?
Social desirability bias
What type of sampling method relies on the participant to introduce more participants to the study?
Snowball sampling
What is the difference between official and unofficial statistics?
- Official statistics are collected by government or authoritative bodies
- Unofficial statistics are collected by non-governmental organizations or individuals
What is meant by the term reliability in sociological research?
The consistency of a research study or measuring test
Name the 3 main practical considerations to choosing a research method.
- Time
- Cost
- Access to data
Which theoretical perspective prefers scientific method?
Positivism
What are the 5 ethical considerations in sociological research?
- Informed consent
- Confidentiality
- Anonymity
- Avoiding harm
- Debriefing
What are the representative sampling methods?
- Random sampling
- Stratified sampling
- Systematic sampling
What are the types of interview?
- Structured
- Semi-structured
- Unstructured
What term is used when a participant changes their behavior to what they think the researcher wants?
Demand characteristics
What are the structural theories of sociology?
- Functionalism
- Marxism
- Feminism
Who is considered the father of modern sociology?
Auguste Comte
What is meant by the term verification?
The process of confirming the validity of research findings
Who argues that sociology cannot be a science as it doesn’t have a single paradigm?
Thomas Kuhn
What are the 6 types of observation?
- Participant observation
- Non-participant observation
- Overt observation
- Covert observation
- Structured observation
- Unstructured observation
What type of data is Qualitative data?
Data that is descriptive and conceptual
