Theory and its relatives Flashcards
theory is related to _______, but it is a much narrower term.
philosophy
means loves of wisdom
philosophy
are people who pursue wisdom through thinking and reasoning
philosopher
are not scientists; they do not ordinarily conduct controlled studies in their pursuit of wisdom
philosopher
Philosophy encompasses several branches, one of which is_____________
epistemology
nature of knowledge
epistemology
theory relates most closely to this branch of philosophy, because it is a tool used by scientists in their pursuit ogf knowledge
epistemology
theory relates most closely to this branch of philosophy, because it is a tool used by scientists in their pursuit ogf knowledge
epistemology
deals with what ought to be or what should be, theory does not
philosophy
the theory deals with broad sets of ________________ , but the goodness or badness of the outcomes of these statements is beyond the realm of theory
if-then statements
two essential cornerstones of theory building
speculation and empirical observation
theory rely on ____________, but they are more than the mere armchair of speculation
speculation
they do not flow forth from the mind of a great thinker isolated from empirical observations
speculations
they are closely tied to empirically gathered data and to science
speculations
concerned with observation and classification of data and testing of hypotheses
science
although theory is a narrower concept than philosophy, it is a broader term than___________
hypothesis
a good theory is capable of generating many_______
hypotheses
is an educated guess or prediction specific enough for its validity to be tested through the use of the scientific method
hypothesis
a theory is too general to lend itself to direct verification, but a single comprehensive theory is capable of generating thousands of __________
hypotheses
going from general to specific
deductive reasoning
going from the specific to the general
inductive reasoning
using _____ , a scientific investigator can derive testable hypotheses from a useful theory and then test these hypotheses. The results of these tests- whether they support or contradict the hypotheses- feedback to the theory. Using__________ the investigator then alters the theory to reflect these results.as the theory grows and changes, other hypotheses can be drawn from it, and when tested they in turn reshape the theory.
deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning
are more specific that the theories that give the birth
hypotheses
is a classification of things according to their natural relationships
taxonomy
are essential to the development of a science because without classification of data science could not grow
taxonomy
mere classification , however, does not constitute a theory
taxonomy
can evolve into theories when they begin to generate testable hypothesis and to explain research findings
taxonomy
True or false:
Robert McCrae and Paul Costa began their research by classifying people into five stable personality traits. eventually, this research on the Big Five taxonomy led to more than a mere classification; it became a theory, capable of suggesting hypotheses and offering explanations for research results.
true
