Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Theories of Personality; Chapter 1 > Perspectives in Theories of Personality > Flashcards

Perspectives in Theories of Personality Flashcards

1
Q

personality emphasizes the importance of early childhood experiences and the unconscious mind

A

psychodynamic theories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

this perspective on personality was created by Sigmund Freud who believed that things hidden in the unconscious could be revealed in a number of different ways, including through dreams, free association, and slips of tongue

A

psychodynamic theories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

neo-freudian theorists, including erik erikson, carl jung, alfred adler, and karen horney, believed in the importance of the unconscious but disagreed with other aspects of freud’s theories

A

psychodynamic theories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

sees unconscious mind and motives as much more powerful than the conscious awareness

A

psychodynamic theories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

used dream interpretation to uncover the unconscious thoughts and feelings

A

psychodynamic theories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

these theorists moved away from the importance of sexuality and more toward social and cultural forces

A

psychodynamic theories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the trait perspective of personality is centered on identifying, describing and measuring the specific traits that make up human personality

A

dispositional theories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

by understanding these traits, researchers believe they can better comprehend the differences between individuals

A

dispositional theories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

argue that the unique and long term tendencies to behave in particular ways are the essence of our personality ( extraversion, anxierty)

A

trait perspective / dispositional theories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

behavior, thought, feelings, and personality are influenced by differences in basic genetic, epigenetic, and neurological systems between individuals.

A

biological - evolutionary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the reason some people have different traits, dispositions, and ways of thinking stems from differences in their genotype and central nervous system ( brain structures and neurochemistry)

A

biological - evolutionary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

because they are based on evolved brain systems, human thought, behavior, and personality have been shaped by forces of evolution (natural and sexual selection) over millions of years

A

biological - evolutionary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the body, brain, and environment co-exist and coevolve, and so more than any other psychological perspective, this one emphasizes that what we think, feel, and do is always an interaction between nature (biological) and nurture (environment)

A

biological - evolutionary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the primary assumption of the humanistic (positive psychology) approach is that people strive toward meaning, growth, well-being, happiness, and psychological health.

A

humanistic - existential theories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

existential theorists assume that not only are we driven by a search for meaning, but also that negative experiences such as failure, awareness of death, death of a loved one, and anxiety, are part of the human condition and can foster psychological growth

A

humanistic - existential theories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

focuses on psychological growth, free will, and personal awareness

A

humanistic - existential theories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

it takes more positive outlook on human nature and is centered on how each person can achieve their individual potential

A

humanistic - existential theories

18
Q

what personality we have is shaped by how we thinks and perceive the world (cognitive perspective)

A

learning (social) cognitive theories

19
Q

all behaviors are learned through association and / or its consequences (whether it is reinforced or punished)

A

learning (social) cognitive theories

20
Q

to shape desire behavior we have to understand and then establish the conditions that bring about those particular behaviors

A

learning (social) cognitive theories

21
Q

if you want to understand behavior, then focus only on behavior, not on hypothetical and unobservable internal states such as thoughts, feelings, drives, or motives

A

learning (social) cognitive theories

22
Q

Primary assumptions: * first 5 years of life most shape personality * unconscious forces are most important * neurosis results from unhealthy moving toward, against, or away from others

A

psychodynamic

23
Q

focus/ key terms : unconscious, early recollections, collective unconscious, archetypes, object-relations, identity crises, relatedness

A

psychodynamic

24
Q

key figures: freud, adler, carl jung, klien, horney, erikson, fromm,

A

psychodynamic

25
Q

primary assumptions: * people strive to live meaningful, happy lives* people are motivated by growth and psychological health * personality is shaped by freedom of choice, response to anxiety, and awareness of death

A

humanistic- existential

26
Q

focus/ key terms: meaningful life, psychological well-being and growth

A

humanistic- existential

27
Q

key figures: maslow, rogers, may

A

humanistic- existential

28
Q

people are predisposed to behave in unique and consistent ways; they have unique traits

A

dispositional

29
Q

there are five trait dimensions in human personality

A

dispositional

30
Q

focus/ key terms: traits, motives

A

dispositional

31
Q

allport, mccrae and costa

A

dispositional

32
Q

the foundation for thought and behavior is biological and genetic forces

A

biological-evolutionary

33
Q

human thought and behavior have been shaped by evolutionary forces (natural and sexual selection)

A

biological-evolutionary

34
Q

focus/ key terms: brain structures, neurochemicals, and genes adaptive mechanisms

A

biological-evolutionary

35
Q

key figures: eysenck, buss

A

biological-evolutionary

36
Q

primary assumptions: only explanation for behavior is the conditions that create behavior

A

learning-(social) cognitive

37
Q

primary assumptions: learning occurs through association and consequences of our behavior

A

learning-(social) cognitive

38
Q

primary assumptions: learning also occurs through succeeding or failing and watching other people succeed or fails at tasks

A

learning-(social) cognitive

39
Q

primary assumptions: personality develops as an interaction between internal and external characteristics of the person

A

learning-(social) cognitive

40
Q

primary assumptions: the cognitive constructs we develop to perceive the world and others mold our personalities

A

learning-(social) cognitive

41
Q

focus key terms: conditioned responses, shaping, reinforcement, observational learning, modeling, self-efficacy, cognitive-effective units, constructs

A

learning-(social) cognitive

42
Q

key figures: skinner, bandura, rotter, mischel, kelly

A

learning-(social) cognitive

Theories of Personality; Chapter 1 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions