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Diploma Paramedic Science > Theory > Flashcards

Theory Flashcards

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1
Q

SAMPLE

A

SAMPLE

History taking:

S - signs and symptoms

A - allergies

M - medications

P - past medical Hx

L - last ins and outs

E - events leading to the incident/issue

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2
Q

OPQRST

A

OPQRST

Pain assessment - part of secondary survey:

O - origin and onset (Where did it start and what were you doing?)

P - palliation/provocation (What makes it better or worse?)

Q - quality (crushing, stabbing, throbbing etc)

R - radiation (does it move anywhere?)

S - severity (on a scale of 0 - 10)

T - time and treatment (how long and have you taken anything?)

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3
Q

AVPU

A

AVPU

Level of consciousness

A - alert

V - voice

P - pain

U - unresponsive

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4
Q

IMISTAMBO

A

IMISTAMBO

Patient handover:

I - identification - pt’s name and age

M - mechanism - what is the mechanism or presenting problem

I - injuries/information - pt assessment and Hx relevant to complaint

S - signs - vital signs and GCS

T - treatment and trends - interventions and response

A - allergies - what the pt is allergic to

M - medications - regular medications and are they present

B - background - medical Hx

O - other issues - scene, social situation, advanced care directives, belongings/valuables, cultural and religious considerations, interpreter

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5
Q

APGAR

A

APGAR

Newborn assessment conducted at 1 min and 5 mins post delivery. Usually at 6-8 at 1 min and 10 at 5 mins. Each item scored between 0 - 2.

Includes:

Appearance (skin colour)

Pulse

Grimace (muscle tone)

Activity

Respirations

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6
Q

Glascow Coma Scale

A

Glascow Coma Scale

Eye Opening:

Spontaneous 4

To Voice 3

To Pain 2

None 1

Verbal Response:

Oriented 5

Confused 4

Inappropriate Words 3

Incomprehensible Sounds 2

Silent 1

Motor Response:

Obeys Commands 6

Localised Pain 5

Withdraws 4

Abnormal Flexion 3

Abnormal Extension 2

No Movement 1

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7
Q

Hs and Ts

A

Hs and Ts

Conditions that may precipitate cardiac arrest or decrease chances of successful resuscitation

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8
Q

Hs and Ts Conditions

A

Hs and Ts Conditions

  • Hypoxaemia
  • Hypovolaemia
  • Hypo/Hyperkalaemia & metabolic disorders
  • Hypo/Hyperthermia
  • Tension pneumothorax
  • Tamponade
  • Toxins/poisons/drugs
  • Thrombosis - pulmonary/coronary
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9
Q

Effect of Toxins

A

Effect of Toxins

Death caused by airway obstruction and respiratory arrest secondary to a decreased conscious level after self-poisoning (benzodiazepines, opioids, tricyclic antidepressants, local anesthetics, beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers).

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10
Q

Main Cause of Paediatric Cardiac Arrest

A

Main Cause of Paediatric Cardiac Arrest

Respiratory issue

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11
Q

Obstetric Emergencies - Breech

A

Obstetric Emergencies - Breech

  • Complete Breech = cross legged
  • Frank Breech = legs up on chest
  • Kneeling Breech = knees first
  • Footling Breech = legs first

How to help:

  • Use pinkies to untangle legs
  • Loveset Manoeuvre - wrap towel around bubs hips and twist gently back and forth
  • Catch newborn with index finger and thumb around chin
  • Pop onto mum’s belly - skin to skin (helps with post natal depression)
  • Clamp umbilical 1 fist from bub, second fist from bub and then half way between these
  • Cut umbilical between 1st and 2nd clamp
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12
Q

Newborn CPR

A

Newborn CPR

  • 30 breaths via BVM on room air with OPA (1-2 breaths per second)
  • Reassess pulse, breathing
  • No pulse - CPR - 3 chest pumps:1 breath, oxygen at 15L for 1 min or until responsive and then reassess
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13
Q

Mum Haemorrhaging

A

Mum Haemorrhaging

  • external pressure on vagina (tears etc)
  • external aortic compression (fist on groin on either side - if no femoral pulse it is working)
  • internal aortic compression (fist on inside of vagina - as well as fist on top)
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14
Q

Shoulder Dystocia

A

Shoulder Dystocia

  • delivering sideways
  • shoulder gets stuck on pubic bone
  • turtle necking (crowing and then goes back in)

To help:

  • Gaskin manoeuvre (get mum on all 4s)
  • McRoberts Manoeuvre (mum on back with knees on chest - can be held by partner etc)
  • Ruben 1 (push down on baby’s shoulder behind mum’s pubic bone)
  • Ruben 2 (Ruben 1 plus 2 fingers internally on baby’s shoulder)
  • Woodscrew and Return Woodscrew (towel around shoulders and twist and turn gently)
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15
Q

Nuchal Cord

A

Nuchal Cord

Cord wrapped around baby’s neck

To help:

  • Get pinky under cord and try to push over bub’s head
  • Push cord over shoulders and deliver baby through it
  • Backflip - turn baby’s head towards mum’s inner thigh and summersault baby out, keeping head as close to mum as possible
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16
Q

Newborn Heart Rate

A

Newborn Heart Rate

Normal = 150bpm = score 2

100 - 140bpm = score 1

< 100bpm = score 0

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17
Q

Paediatric Weight Calculation

A

Paediatric Weight Calculation

(age x 3) + 7 = weight

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18
Q

Paediatric Joules Calculation

A

Paediatric Joules Calculation

weight x 4 joules

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19
Q

Paediatric Adrenalin Dose Calculation

A

Paediatric Adrenalin Dose Calculation

weight x 100 = .ml

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20
Q

Paediatric Amiodarone Dose Calculation

A

Paediatric Amiodarone Dose Calculation

weight / 10 = ml

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21
Q

Paediatric Medication Formula

A

Paediatric Medication Formula

(dose - mcg,mg,g / meds mcg,mg,g) x meds ml = . mls needed

22
Q

Paediatric ALS Respiration Rates

A

Paediatric ALS Respiration Rates

  • BVM - 15:2
  • LMA - 1 breath every 4 seconds
23
Q

Tension Pneumothorax Symptoms

A

Tension Pneumothorax Symptoms

  • resistance on bagging
  • tracheal deviation
  • jugular distension
  • diminished chest sounds (gets worse lower in the lungs)
  • Subcutaneous emphasaema
24
Q

Preferred ACS Analgesic

A

Preferred ACS Analgesic

Fentanyl

25
Q

Pinpoint Pupils Drug

A

Pinpoint Pupils Drug

Naloxone (Narcan)

26
Q

Tension Pneumothorax Needle

A

Tension Pneumothorax Needle

14 gauge

27
Q

Amiodarone Administration Round

A

Amiodarone Administration Round

3rd round if shockable rhythm

28
Q

Vital Signs Survey

A

Vital Signs Survey

  • BGL
  • Temp
  • Pupils
  • Pulse
  • Respiratory rate
  • Sats
  • Blood pressure
  • Capillary refill
  • Glasgow Coma Scale
  • Chest auscultation
  • ECG
29
Q

5 Moments of Hand Hygiene

A

5 Moments of Hand Hygiene

  1. Before touching a pt
  2. Before a procedure
  3. After a procedure or body substance exposure risk
  4. After touching a pt
  5. After touching a pt’s surroundings

Note: hand hygiene must be performed after the removal of gloves.

30
Q

Pulse/Heart Rate

A

Pulse/Heart Rate

Number of beats per minute, normal is 60-100bpm, often seen in the lower half of the range.

31
Q

Respirations

A

Respirations

Number of breaths per minute, normal is 12-20rpm (1 breath every 4-5 seconds).

32
Q

Blood Pressure

A

Blood Pressure

Combination of cardiac output and peripheral resistance.

Normal range for an adult is: Systolic 100 - 150 Diastolic 60 - 90

33
Q

Temperature

A

Temperature

Normal is between 36.5 and 37.5 degrees

34
Q

Blood Glucose Level (BGL)

A

Blood Glucose Level (BGL)

The level of millimoles of glucose in each litre of blood.

  • Hyperglycaemic = >8mmol/L
  • Normal = 4-8mmol/L
  • Hypoglycaemic = <4mmol/L
35
Q

Pulse Oximetry

A

Pulse Oximetry

% of oxygen carrying haemobglobin that is saturated with oxygen. Normal range is 96% - 100% but don’t treat unless under 93%

36
Q

Perfusion Status Assessment

A

Perfusion Status Assessment

Assesses blood flow to tissues and organs Includes assessment of:

  • level of consciousness
  • capillary refill time
  • BP
  • skin colour
37
Q

Access

A

Access

= Getting in

  • safety first
  • access challenges, eg locked doors
  • terrain for equipment
  • once inside, identify exits early
  • how many people are on scene
  • pt presentation
  • selecting correct extrication equipment
38
Q

Rule of Nines

A

Rule of Nines

  • front and back of head and neck = 9%
  • front and back of each arm and hand = 9%
  • chest = 9% * Stomach = 9%
  • Upper back = 9%
  • lower back = 9%
  • front and back of each foot and leg = 18%
  • genital area = 1%
39
Q

PERRLA

A

PERRLA

Pupils Equal - both should be the same size

Round - should be perfectly round Reactive - to light and accommodation

Light - pupils should shrink when exposed to light

Accommodation - should be able to focus close up and far away

40
Q

TILE

A

TILE

T - task - type of manual handling activity, eg pushing, pulling, lifting, carrying etc

I - individual - the capabilities of the person carrying out the manual handling activity

L - load - size, shape, surface type and weight of the object being moved

E - environment - the area in which the object is being moved

41
Q

METHANE

A

METHANE

Major incident management

M - major incident confirmation

E - exact location

T - type of incident

H - hazards identified

A - access via

N - number of pts, adult/paed, nature and priority

E - emergency services/resources required

42
Q

IPPA

A

IPPA

Abdomen assessment

I - inspect - look and observe - distended/swollen/bruising

P - palpate - touch/feel with open hand - rolling palm to fingers

P - percuss - tapping of fingers

A - auscultate - listening with a stethoscope

43
Q

Prone

A

Prone

Lying face down

44
Q

Supine

A

Supine

Lying face up

45
Q

Diaphoretic + grey =

A

Diaphoretic

+ grey = Acute Coronary Syndrome

46
Q

OPA Measurement

A

OPA Measurement

Side of mouth to base of ear

47
Q

NPA Measurement

A

NPA Measurement

Septum (centre of nose) to base of ear Long edge to outside when inserting Right nostril is a little straighter and bigger

48
Q

Double Airway Manoeuver

A

Double Airway Manoeuver

Jaw thrust Mouth opening

49
Q

Triple Airway Manoeuver

A

Triple Airway Manoeuver

Jaw thrust Mouth opening Head tilt

50
Q

Suction Time

A

Suction Time

5-10 seconds

51
Q

6 Rights of Medication

A

5 Rights of Medication

  • Right pt
  • Right drug
  • Right dose
  • Right route
  • Right time
  • Right documentation

Diploma Paramedic Science (8 decks)

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