Theory

Question 1

What are functional prerequisities?

Answer 1

Basic needs that are met by different institutions

Question 2

What is a value consensus?

Answer 2

A basis of unity and co-operation (agreement)

Question 3

What is a social equilibrium?

Answer 3

A state ordered society

Question 4

What is a collective conscience?

Answer 4

Agreement on what is right or wrong

Question 5

Who developed the organic analogy and what is it?

Answer 5

Parsons - three similarities between society and a biological organism:

1. systems
2. the needs of the system
3. functions

Question 6

What are individual actions?

Answer 6

each action is governed by norms or rules. Clusters of norms are displayed within status roles.

Question 7

What are status roles?

Answer 7

social roles/the expected norms that govern the behaviour of someone (e.g a teacher). Status roles come in clusters known as institutions

Question 8

What is an institution?

Answer 8

A place/thing such as family, the media, religion and education. Institutions are clustered into subsystems

Question 9

What is a sub system?

Answer 9

Systems that fit together to form society e.g economic and religious subsystems

Question 10

What is social differentiation?

Answer 10

when a number of subsystems take over the functions formerly performed by only one sub system

Question 11

What is historical materialism?

Answer 11

looks at how humans have provided for material needs throughout history

Question 12

What is class polarisation?

Answer 12

when society divides into two classes (minority bourgeoisie and majority proletariat)

Question 13

What is alienation?

Answer 13

when people feel separate from the products they make

Question 14

What is polarisation?

Answer 14

When the two classes absorb all of the people in the middle, resulting in the bourgeoisie becoming increasingly rich and the proletariat growing, but becoming poorer

Question 15

What are means of production?

Answer 15

things which allow goods to be made

Question 16

What is economic determinism?

Answer 16

economic factors are the sole cause of inequality in society, and are the only source of change

Question 17

What is dual consciousness?

Answer 17

ideas are partly controlled by the bourgeoisie, but they are also formed around their own direct experiences of poverty and exploitation

Question 18

Who came up with political lesbianism and what is it?

Answer 18

radical feminists- they see heterosexual relationships as ‘sleeping with the enemy’ and lesbianism as the only non-oppressive form of sexuality

Question 19

Who came up with separatism and what is it?

Answer 19

radical feminists- living apart from men and creating a new culture of female independence, without patriarchy

Question 20

Who came up with consciousness raising and what is it?

Answer 20

radical feminists- through sharing experiences, women learn that they share the same problems

Question 21

Who came up with familism and what is it?

Answer 21

Barrett- suggests that the dominant ideology enforced in a capitalist society presents the nuclear family as the only place where woman can attain fulfilment

Question 22

What is power feminism?

Answer 22

instead of adopting victim mentality women should celebrate their new found powers and opportunities

Question 23

What is equality feminism?

Answer 23

women support feminism but don’t like the name because of the negative stereotypes attached to early feminist movement, so they call themselves ‘new’ or ‘equality’ feminists