Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sociology > Crime and deviance > Flashcards

Crime and deviance Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is crime?

A

any behaviour which breaks the criminal law of society (formal legal law)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is deviance?

A

Any behaviour which breaks the norms of society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is legal deviance?

A

breaking the social norms of society, but not the law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is illegal deviance?

A

breaking the norms of society which have been written as laws

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is social order?

A

How society is stable and ordered, and how people cooperate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does indictable mean?

A

Can carry a prison sentence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does non-indictable mean?

A

does not carry a prison sentence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is formal social control?

A

control usually dealing with illegal deviance or deviance which poses a threat to society. It can involve using force,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is informal social control?

A

carried out by family, media, religion, the education system etc. (through socialisation). It operates through people showing praise or disapproval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is morality of the future?

A

actions of deviants/criminals that contribute to change in societies values

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is boundary maintenance?

A

Boundary maintenance reminds us what is appropriate behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a safety valve?

A

A way of letting of steam against society without threatening is stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a warning function?

A

when crime shows that an element of the social structure isn’t working and needs to change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is social solidarity?

A

a sense of togetherness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is anomie?

A

when norms and values become unclear and break down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the legitimate opportunity structure?

A

when society provides the legal means of achieving cultural goals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is strain?

A

a feeling one gets when the legitimate opportunity structure doesn’t provide enough means for people to reach the cultural goals set by society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

RESPONSE TO STRAIN - what is conformity?

A

individuals accept the goal and strive to achieve them legitimately

19
Q

RESPONSE TO STRAIN - what is innovation?

A

individuals accept the goal but use illegitimate means to achieve it

20
Q

RESPONSE TO STRAIN - what is ritualism?

A

individuals give up trying but have internalised the legitimate means so follow rules for their own sake

21
Q

RESPONSE TO STRAIN - what is retreatism?

A

individuals reject both the goals and the legitimate means and become dropouts

22
Q

RESPONSE TO STRAIN - what is rebellion?

A

individuals reject society’s existing goals and means, but replace them with new ones to try and bring about revolutionary change/a new society

23
Q

What is a manifest function?

A

the obvious and indented functions of crime/deviance

24
Q

What is a latent function?

A

the unintended function that crime/deviance performs

25
Q

what is status frustration?

A

a sense of frustration/strain with not being given any status within school

26
Q

what is alternative status hierarchy?

A

when someone turns to a different way of gaining status and power

27
Q

what is the illegitimate opportunity structure?

A

the opportunities that exists to allow people to commit crime

28
Q

what is a criminal subculture?

A

working class, organised criminal networks which provide a learning environment for young criminals, like a business (members work up the crime career ladder), largely concerned with utilitarian crime

29
Q

what is a conflict subculture?

A

developed in areas with little organised adult crime. They focus on gaining respect through gang violence

30
Q

What is a retreatist subculture?

A

comprised of people who have failed to succeed in both legitimate and illegitimate opportunity structures (they are double failures). This mainly focuses around illegal drug abuse

31
Q

What are focal concerns?

A

Working class values

32
Q

Who came up with the idea of focal concerns?

A

Miller

33
Q

FOCAL CONCERN - trouble

A

when someone enjoys conflict with other people

34
Q

FOCAL CONCERN - toughness

A

showing physical strength

35
Q

FOCAL CONCERN - smartness

A

being well dressed and verbally sharp

36
Q

FOCAL CONCERN - excitement

A

being thrill seekers

37
Q

FOCAL CONCERN - fate

A

feeling a lack of control over their future. They don’t fear punishment

38
Q

FOCAL CONCERN - autonomy

A

not wanting to be told what to do

39
Q

What is the ‘magical’ solution?

A

Mike Brake used the term ‘magical’ to explain these working class solutions to their problems as they don’t do anything to solve the class structure of society - rebellion simply makes them feel better

40
Q

what is resistance through rituals?

A

use of style, language and behaviour as a symbolic form of rebellion

41
Q

What are socially approved values?

A

values that we are happy to express publicly

42
Q

What are subterranean values?

A

values that are not socially approved of, e.g. racist and sexist values

43
Q

What are techniques of neutralisation?

A

justifications/excuses for why delinquents did something. They include:

  • denial of responsibility
  • denial of victim
  • denial of injury
  • condemnation of the condemners
  • appeal to higher loyalties

Sociology (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions