Theorizing Race, Racialization, and Racism pt. 2 Flashcards
a set of principles and ideas that (1) divides people
into racial groups and (2) serves the interests of one group
Racial ideology
people belong to distinct races and that these racial groups
have innate hierarchical differences that can be measured and judged (prejudice)
Racism
1. the belief
treating people differently on the basis of their race (power
to discriminate)
Racism
2. the practice
the sociohistorical process by which racial identities and categories are created,
lived out, transformed, and destroyed
Racial Formation
simultaneously an interpretation, representation, or explanation of racial identities and meanings, and an effort to organize and distribute resources (economic, political, cultural) along particular racial lines
Racial Projects
creates or reproduces structures of domination based on racial significations and
identities
Racist Racial Project
when different ethnic or tribal groups cooperate, organize, and build institutions and identities across ethnic boundaries
Pan-ethnicizing processes
marked by overt legal assertion of racial superiority
Domination
marked by dominance of one group over another through legitimization of norms and ideas
Hegemony
societies in which economic, political, social, and ideological levels are partially structured by
the placement of actors in racial categories
Racialized Social Systems
racial inequality is still produced in a systematic way (i.e., there is still a racial structure), but
the dominant practices that produce it are no longer overt, seem almost invisible, and are
seemingly nonracial
New Racism
racial ideology based on the superficial extension of the principles of liberalism to racial
matters that results in “raceless” explanations for all sort of race-related affairs
Colour-blind Racism
Using liberal ideas such as equality of opportunity or freedom of choice to explain or
justify racial inequality
Abstract Liberalism
Permits people to explain racial phenomena as if they were natural
Naturalization
Relying on culturally based explanations for justifying the existence of racial inequality
Cultural Racism
Suggesting that discrimination is no longer a central factor affecting life chances for
people of colour
Minimization of Racism
a form of racism in Canadian society that is characterized by the conflict between the prevalent ideologies of democratic principles (justice, equality, fairness etc.) on one hand, and their coexistence with negative feelings, attitudes, behaviours, prejudice, and discrimination against minorities on the other
Democratic racism
Critiques how the social construction of race and institutionalized racism
perpetuate a racial caste system that relegates people of color to the bottom
tiers
Critical Race Theory
because racism advances the interests of both white elites (materially) and working-class whites (psychically), large segments of society have little incentive to eradicate it (CRT)
Material determinism thesis
dominant society racializes different minority groups
at different times, in response to shifting needs such as the labour market
Differential racialization
minority status brings with it a presumed competence to speak about race and racism
Voice of colour thesis
the breakdown of gathered information into smaller units or
variables to gain a deeper understanding of a situation or to clarify underlying trends and
patterns (ex. Gender, age, race, geographic location)
Data disaggregation
a person’s subjective self-identification
Racial self-identity
the race that is checked on an official form or survey, such as a census or federal financial aid forms
Racial self-classification
- the race that others believe you to be
- Two types: appearance-based and interaction-based
Observed race
- refers to an individual’s belief of how others classify them
Reflected race
- refers to aspects of a person’s physical appearance that are socially understood as relevant to racial classification
Phenotype
- a dimension of race that influences other dimensions, such as racial identity and observed race
Racial ancestry
race is not fixed; structured by malleable social rules
Racial Fluidity
