Theorizing Race, Racialization, and Racism pt. 2

Question 1

a set of principles and ideas that (1) divides people
into racial groups and (2) serves the interests of one group

Answer 1

Racial ideology

Question 2

people belong to distinct races and that these racial groups
have innate hierarchical differences that can be measured and judged (prejudice)

Answer 2

Racism
1. the belief

Question 3

treating people differently on the basis of their race (power
to discriminate)

Answer 3

Racism
2. the practice

Question 4

the sociohistorical process by which racial identities and categories are created,
lived out, transformed, and destroyed

Answer 4

Racial Formation

Question 5

simultaneously an interpretation, representation, or explanation of racial identities and meanings, and an effort to organize and distribute resources (economic, political, cultural) along particular racial lines

Answer 5

Racial Projects

Question 6

creates or reproduces structures of domination based on racial significations and
identities

Answer 6

Racist Racial Project

Question 7

when different ethnic or tribal groups cooperate, organize, and build institutions and identities across ethnic boundaries

Answer 7

Pan-ethnicizing processes

Question 8

marked by overt legal assertion of racial superiority

Answer 8

Domination

Question 9

marked by dominance of one group over another through legitimization of norms and ideas

Answer 9

Hegemony

Question 10

societies in which economic, political, social, and ideological levels are partially structured by
the placement of actors in racial categories

Answer 10

Racialized Social Systems

Question 11

racial inequality is still produced in a systematic way (i.e., there is still a racial structure), but
the dominant practices that produce it are no longer overt, seem almost invisible, and are
seemingly nonracial

Answer 11

New Racism

Question 12

racial ideology based on the superficial extension of the principles of liberalism to racial
matters that results in “raceless” explanations for all sort of race-related affairs

Answer 12

Colour-blind Racism

Question 13

Using liberal ideas such as equality of opportunity or freedom of choice to explain or
justify racial inequality

Answer 13

Abstract Liberalism

Question 14

Permits people to explain racial phenomena as if they were natural

Answer 14

Naturalization

Question 15

Relying on culturally based explanations for justifying the existence of racial inequality

Answer 15

Cultural Racism

Question 16

Suggesting that discrimination is no longer a central factor affecting life chances for
people of colour

Answer 16

Minimization of Racism

Question 17

a form of racism in Canadian society that is characterized by the conflict between the prevalent ideologies of democratic principles (justice, equality, fairness etc.) on one hand, and their coexistence with negative feelings, attitudes, behaviours, prejudice, and discrimination against minorities on the other

Answer 17

Democratic racism

Question 18

Critiques how the social construction of race and institutionalized racism
perpetuate a racial caste system that relegates people of color to the bottom
tiers

Answer 18

Critical Race Theory

Question 19

because racism advances the interests of both white elites (materially) and working-class whites (psychically), large segments of society have little incentive to eradicate it (CRT)

Answer 19

Material determinism thesis

Question 20

dominant society racializes different minority groups
at different times, in response to shifting needs such as the labour market

Answer 20

Differential racialization

Question 21

minority status brings with it a presumed competence to speak about race and racism

Answer 21

Voice of colour thesis

Question 22

the breakdown of gathered information into smaller units or
variables to gain a deeper understanding of a situation or to clarify underlying trends and
patterns (ex. Gender, age, race, geographic location)

Answer 22

Data disaggregation

Question 23

a person’s subjective self-identification

Answer 23

Racial self-identity

Question 24

the race that is checked on an official form or survey, such as a census or federal financial aid forms

Answer 24

Racial self-classification

Question 25

• the race that others believe you to be
• Two types: appearance-based and interaction-based

Answer 25

Observed race

Question 26

• refers to an individual’s belief of how others classify them

Answer 26

Reflected race

Question 27

• refers to aspects of a person’s physical appearance that are socially understood as relevant to racial classification

Answer 27

Phenotype

Question 28

• a dimension of race that influences other dimensions, such as racial identity and observed race

Answer 28

Racial ancestry

Question 29

race is not fixed; structured by malleable social rules

Answer 29

Racial Fluidity