Theorists Unit Flashcards
Define human growth and development
the study of how people develop throughout their life on all 6 levels (social, emotional, moral, psychological,physical)
What are the characteristics of physical development?
body growth, coordination, fine and gros motor skills
What are the characteristics of social development?
How to effectively get along, communicate, and behave in social settings
What are the characteristics of emotional development?
self esteem, expression of feelings
What are the characteristics of psychological development?
Brain development, mental stability
What are the characteristics of intellectual development?
Cognitive development including memory, attention span, abstract thinking, probelm sovling, and rational thinking
What are the characteristics of moral development?
Learning right from wrong
What are the 5 characteristics of human development?
- Humans develop similarity all around the world
- It is sequential (i.e walk before run)
- Individualized between people (i.e different rates of developing)
- Areas are related (i.e a child who can climb a chair to get a snack understands it is wrong)
- Continuous
What are the factors that affect development?
Nutrition, puberty, environment, media, socialization, and survival factors
What are the 3 temperaments of children?
Sensitive, placid, and agressive
What is a developmental task?
Adjustments that must occur throughout someones lifespan in order for them to achieve full happiness and complete the next task
What does Sigmund Freud believe the personality is made up of?
3 systems known as the id, the ego, and the super ego
What is the pleasure principle and which personality system operates using it?
The pleasure principle is used by the id and it is based off doing things to find pleasure, and avoiding things that bring pain/dissatisfaction
What is the reality principle and what system operates using it?
The reality principle is the ego’s ability to assess the realistic thing to do and act upon that
How does Sigmund Freud definite personality?
An individual’s relative distinctive pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
What is the pre-concsious?
Information that is not currently in the conscious, but can be retrieved into the conscious
What is free association and who invented it?
Free association is a psychoanalytic method of exploring the unconscious where the person lies down and speaks what comes to mind, invented by freud
How does Sigmund Freud define the unconscious?
A reservoir of unaccepted thoughts in which the individual is not aware they have stored
What is the psychoanalytic perspective and how does it relate to free association?
The belief that behavior arises from unconscious drives and conflicts. Free association retrieves information from the unconscious to allow people to analyze their behavior.
What analogy does Sigmund Freud use to explain the mind?
Iceberg analogy. The top part is the visible part of personality shown, and the stuff below is the great, unconscious part.
What are Freud’s 5 psychosexual stages?
Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, and Genital
Name all of the libidos and possible fixation effects of Freud’s 5 psychosexual stages
Oral (0-18 months)- libido is mouth,kids learn to trust and fixation can display as being anxious, anal, biting nails
Anal (1-3yr)- libido is anus, learning bowl movements and fixation can appear as messiness
Phallic (3-6 yr)- libido is genitals, where oedipus and Electra complex’s come out, fixation can result in sexual dysfunction
Latency (6-12 yr)- no libido, learning new skills
Genital (12 plus)- libido is genitals, start to gain mature sexual interests
Define Freud’s defence mechanism “denial”
Refusing to perceive what is happening
Define Freud’s defence mechanism “repression”
Unconsciously preventing thoughts from entering awarness
