Theorists Flashcards
Seligman
Learned Helplessness
internal, stable, global
Abramson, Matalsky and Ally
added role of hopelessness to learned helplessness
Lewihnson
Behavioral theory of depression
- low rate of response contingent reinforcement
- increase activity levels as tx
Minuchin
-structural family therapy
-focus on boundary problems: rigid or diffuse
-detouring, stable coalition, triangulation
triangulation -therapist creates stress to unbalance the family
-joining: used to join family
Bowen
- extended family systems therapy
- triangles created to reduce tension
- therapist begins with two members
- therapist enters triangles and tries to reduce tension
- goal is to increase diffrentiation
- genograms
Kluver-Bucy Syndrome
ablation of anterior temporal lobes in monkeys led to hypersexuality, placidity, oral tendencies, psychic blindness
Tolman
latent learning: rats wandered the maze but showed now proficiency until a reward was provided
Kohlberg
stages of moral development: Preconventional, Conventional (Stage 4: existing rules and laws), Postconventional (stage 5: social contracts and democratically chosen laws, stage 6: reasoning based on universal ethical principals)
stages of gender development: identity, stability, constancy
systemic family therapy
- Milan group
- uses circular questioning to help family members recognize differences in their perspectives
anterior occipital lobe
mediates peripheral vision
overcorrection
-restitution and positive practice
Hans Selye
General Adaptation Syndrom: (GAS), body’s reaction to sustained stress: alarm, resistance, exhaustion
hippocampus
- linked to visual imagery
- role in explicit memory, along with prefrontal cortex and temporal lobes
- consolidation of long term memory
Bandura
- “reciprocal determinism”: behavior, personal factors, environment
- boys and girls imitate aggressive models even without reinforcement
Troiden
homosexual identity development: feeling different, confusion, assumption, integration
Helms
White Racial Identity Model: autonomy status “complexity and flexibility”
resperidone
less likely to produce extrapyramidal effects than traditional antipsychotics
Porter and Lawler
-expectancy theory: -expectancy (effort leads to success) -valence (the outcomes are important) -instrumentality (meeting job goals-aka success-will lead to particular outcomes)
Holland
theory of vocational choice, high degree of differentiation increases chance of job satisfaction
Vygotsky
theory of cognitive development used for edu strategies
Acetylcholine
ACh, drugs that block it can lead to dry mouth, blurred vision, postural hypotension, tachycardia and sedation,
drugs treat alzheimers by slowing breakdown of ACh incl: Cognex, Exelon, Aricept
Two-factor theory
- Herzberg
- hygiene factors: work enviro, pay and benefits, coworkers, company policies, decrease disatisfaction
- and motivator factors: lead to satisfaction
Needs Assessment/analysis
- to determine training needs
- organization analysis, task analysis, person analysis
Caudate Nucleus
atrophy involved in Huntington’s disease
use of a collection agency for unpaid fees
ethical under some circumstances
cerebellum
-mediates physical homeostasis
damage leads to jerky movements, difficulty walking unaided
-involved in implicit memories along with amygdala and basal ganglia
-basal ganglia and cerebellum in charge of motor memories
-amygdala in charge of emotional implicit memories
ajzen
theory of planned behavior. behavioral intention caused by: attitude toward that behavior, norms, perceived emotion control
medial temporal lobe
includes entorhinal complex, amygdala and hippocampus–important for memory
Rutter
promoting resiliency in high risk clients:
Albert Ellis
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT): dysfunctional behaviors are the results of irrational thoughts and beliefs
Fiedler
Contingency Theory: Low LPC (task-oriented) leaders are most effective when the environment is very ideal or very bad, High LPC leaders
Rehm
self-control theory: depression created by six deficits in self-control behavior-selective monitoring of negative events, selective monitoring of immediate vs. delayed outcomes, stringent self-evaluative criteria, inaccurate attributions of responsibility, inadequate self-reward, excessive self-punishment
Cross
black racial identity development model. 4 stages, pre-encounter, encounter, immersion-emersion, internalization
Job evaluation
determines worth of a job to set the wage
performance appraisal
evaluation of an employees work
frontal lobe damage
- orbitofrontal area: pseudopschopathy (disinhibition/impulsivity), euphoria, lack of judgment, distractability
- medial frontal area: limb weakness and lack of sensation, mutism, akinesia
- anterior cingulate area: apathy, paucity of mvmt/speech
- dorsolateral prefrontal area: poor executive function, perseveration, slowed processing, mood and personality changes
Interpersonal Therapy
IPT, brief, manualized therapy: role disputes, role transitions, unresolved grief, interpersonal deficits
Glasser
Reality Therapy: ppl are responsible for the choices they make, ppl need five things: freedom, survival, love and belonging, power and fun, ppl can adopt a success identity when making good decisions
Haley
Strategic Family Therapy: focus on transactional patterns and the way people relate to control relationships, use paradoxical interventions, focus on symptoms relief
job analysis
determines what is involved in a certain job, what skills etc.
