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theorists Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what does Lash and Urry (1987) argue?

A

-Liberal, organised and disorganised capitalism
Factors determining timing of organisation are:
1) Size of country
2) Bourgeois revolution
3) Time to take of
Consequences (comparative thesis):
-Extent of organization determines process of organisation

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2
Q

What did Hall and Soskice (2001) argue about capitalism

A

1) Institutional similarities/differences among developed countries
2) Variations of national political economies
3) actor-centred approach (individuals, firms produced)
4) Regulatory regimes at nation-state level

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3
Q

What did Hall and Soskice (2001) say about institutions?

A

1) made of formal/informal rules
2) Socialisation through agencies
3) Power
4) lots of sanctions/incentives

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4
Q

What does Bell (1973) argue for?

A

End of organised capitalism:

1) economic- displacement of manufacturing
2) technology - information processes
3) stratification system

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5
Q

What does Offe (1985) argue?

A

unemployment removes people from contact with central power mechanism of capitalist society

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6
Q

How is Ritzer (2005) linked to the disorganisation of capitalism?

A

Mcdonalisation - franchises

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7
Q

Giddens (1992)?

A
  • identity politics
  • Social disembedding
  • Social reflexivity
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8
Q

Baudrillard (1984)?

A
  • Hyperconsumerism
  • Death of industry
  • Social media and market corporate control
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9
Q

What did escobar (1995) argue about dependency theory?

A

1) Development is a discourse and is historically produced by MEDC’s
2) fluidity and heterogeneity of development discourse

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10
Q

What were Rostow’s (1960) stages of development?

A

Stages of Economic Growth:

1) Traditional society
2) Preconditions for take-off
3) Take-off
4) Drive to maturity
5) Age of high consumption

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11
Q

what were Eisenstadt’s (1973) 2 ideas on modernisation from LEDC’s to MEDC’s?

A

1) Process of change where less developed countries developed characteristics common to more developed societies
2) Achievement of modernity while maintaining social cohesion and equilibrium

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12
Q

what’s Adams (2005) argument?

A

3rd wave (turn/multiple modernities) comp soc involves:

1) rational actor choice
2) feminist challenges
3) institutionalism

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13
Q

What 3 points did Goldthorpe (1994) argue for?

A

1) Idiographic (specific trends/nomothetic (scientific) distinction
2) Comp soc based on 2nd hand research
3) Lack of rules leads to: ‘pick and mix’ in history

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14
Q

What did Ragin (1987) argue that the best approach to Comp Soc was?

A

Qualitative approach as is higher in validity

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15
Q

What is the dependency theory from Frank (1969)?

A

1) Underdevelopment result of colonialism
2) Periphery is integrated into world capitalist system through slavery
3) historical process that generated western development and poverty in LEDC’s

World systems theory applied to development

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16
Q

What did Mahoney (2000) say about Spain/England comparison?

A

Path-dependency

Mercantilist comparison of trade between Britain and Spain

Britain

  • colonised less developed areas
  • less extensive colonialism

Spain

  • colonised more developed areas
  • more extensive colonialism
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17
Q

What are the 5 points (including example from 1st year) of Mahoney (2000)?

A

1) past influences future
2) path dependency is a vague concept
3) self-reinforcing sequences exist
4) reactive chains can alter paths
5) mercantilist Spain and liberal British colonial comparison (free market)

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18
Q

What does Robinson (2001) argue about path dependency?

A

1) There are institutional differences between countries colonised by Europeans
2) institutions influence states and thus policies

19
Q

What were Eisenstadt’s (1973) 2 modernisation theory?

A

1) process of change where LEDC’s developed characteristics common to MEDC’s
2) achievement of modernity while maintaining social cohesion and equilibrium

20
Q

Whats Adams (2005) argument?

A

3rd wave (turn/multiple modernities) involves:

1) rational actor choice
2) feminist challenges
3) institutionalism

21
Q

What 3 points did Goldthorpe (1994) argue for?

A

1) idiographic distinction (specific trends) + (scientific)
2) comp soc based on 2nd hand research
3) lack of rules leads to pick&mix in history

22
Q

Kobrin (1997)?

A

Global economy doesn’t include entire world

23
Q

Beck (2007)?

A
  • Methodological nationalism

- Global risk society

24
Q

Connell (2007)?

A
  • Geo-political location of production affects sociological knowledge of globalisation
  • Northern theory
25
Q

Meyer (1997)?

A

World culture of rationalised modernity

26
Q

Said (1978)?

A

Orientalism

27
Q

Go (2013)?

A
  • Post-colonial theory
  • Modernity constituted through colonialism
  • Provincialising and decentring Europe (abandon Eurocentric universalism)
28
Q

What did Guillen (2003) argue?

A

globalization is a fragmented, incomplete, discontinuous, contingent

29
Q

What did Harvey (1989) argue

A

Space/time compression

30
Q

Which 2 theorists suggested that multiple modernities are interconnected?

A

Go (2013)

Bhambra (2014)

31
Q

Amin (1974)?

A

World Systems theory

32
Q

Different approaches to comp soc?

A

Eiestradt (1973)/Shoneld (1965) Modernisation approach

Goldthorpe (1984) Neo-corporatism

Hall and Soskice (2001) - Include both trade unionism, corporations and regime of country

Lash and Urry (2004) types of capitalism

Amin (1974) World systems theory

Bhrambra (2013)/Go (2013) multiple modernities
LINKED TO
Adams (2013) Cultural turn/3rd wave/multiple mods

33
Q

What did Sen (2001) say about development?

A

To develop
Humans need functioning surroundings
Humans need the capability and freedom to do it

34
Q

CME

A

Coordinated market economy (Government coordination)

Germany, Japan, Sweden

EU/TPP

Higher taxes, more equality

Criticism: authoritarian

35
Q

LME

A

Liberal market economy (free market)

US, UK, Australia

Low tax, less subsidies, government not responsible

36
Q

Shoneld’s (1965) approach is what? What does this mean?

A

Modernisation approach

You need to modernise industry/parts of society and economy to move a country forward

37
Q

What different approaches are there to comparative sociology?

A

Modernisation approach (Shoneld, 1965)

Neo-corporatism (Goldthorpe, 1984)

Hall and Soskice (2001) - Include both trade unionism, corporations and regime of country

38
Q

What was Goldthorpe’s (1984) approach?

What does this mean and relate to with state actors?

A

Neo-corporatism

To do with the states negotiations with private companies for wages, working conditions and trade unions

Based on centralisation of corporate movement

39
Q

Verinci (2013)?

A

1) Unrelated to colonialism
2) Hypercolonialism
3) subordinates local communities (boer control)
Settler colonialism

40
Q

How can Savage (2000) relate to this?

A

Service industry

41
Q

Urry (2004)’s paradigm?

A

Strong spatially separated networks are created, but at the same time actors face increasing stratification and anomie

42
Q

What did Mahoney’s (2006) study on path-dependency suggest?
Also dependent on 2 things:
What model did he use?

A

Pre and post colonialism are dependent in the chain on the level of colonialism

Mercantilism: trade tariffs
Liberal model: free market or not

All change the chain

43
Q

What was Britain and what was Spain in Mahoney’s (2006) comparison?

A

Britain liberal market (Canada, Australia 1/5th of land mass)

Spain mercantilist (tariff protection) [South America]

This is in relation to their trade with empire, not with each other

44
Q

As well as Veracini (2013), who mentioned tings about what?

A

Settler colonialism

Wolfe (2006)
Settler colonialism attempts to eliminate or subordinate indigous peeps

Comparative Sociology (5 decks)

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