Theorists Flashcards
Who is Durkheim? What does he believe in?
Creator of Functionalism
- Social Solidarity + Social Order are tightly connected
- Social Facts- religion, morality, law ,culture and identity
-Social facts determine individual behaviour
-Collective conscience- individuals collectively knowing right from wrong
Who is Parsons? What does he believe?
A Functionalist
- Developed Functionalism into a systematic theory
- 4 Functional prerequisites: Goal attainment, adaptation, integration, latency
- Society is a system (organic analogy)
- Moving equilibrium
- achieved and ascribed status
Who is Merton? What does he believe in?
A Functionalist that criticises everything
- Sub-systems maybe non-functional or dysfunctional
-functional equivalent or functional alternative
-Manifest functions
-latent functions
Who is Marx? What does he believe in?
Creator of Marxism
- alienation
-class conflict
- false consciousness
-exploitation of labour
-Creation of surplus value
- against capitalism
-Historical Materialsim
Who is Gramsci? What does he believe in?
A Neo-Marxist
- hegemony
- dual consciousness
- counter hegemony
-organic intellectuals
Who is Althusser? What does he believe?
A structuralist Marxist
-Repressive state apparatus
-Ideological state apparatuses
-Relative Autonomy
Who is Somerville?What does she believe?
A Liberal Feminist
Advocates two approaches to gaining equality
1)Achieve Cultural change by challenging gender stereotypes to overcome prejudiced attiudes
2)achieve legislative reforms such as reproductive rights, the right to divorce, equal pay and legal recognition of the abuse of women
Who is Oakley? What does she believe?
A Liberal Feminist
Sex is what is biologically determined at birth
Gender is a social construct- gender identity is produced through socialisation and is dependent on the culture of society.
Who is Greer? What does she believe in?
A radical feminist that advocates for Matrilocal Households and separatism
She believes that women are oppressed by their roles in the family: wife, mother and daughter
Who is Firestone? What does she believe in
A radical feminist who believes that the patriarchy is the result of female biology and the reproductive role
Who is Benston? What does she believe in?
A Marxist Feminist
- Female unpaid labour
- reproduction of labour
- women as a reserve army of labour
Who is Ansley? What does she believe in?
A Marxist Feminist
- female absorption of male anger
- wives are the ‘takers of shit’
Who is Butler? What does she believe in?
A Poststructuralist feminist who believes in patriarchal power through discourse. She also criticises mainstream feminism which is demoniated by educated, white western women.
Butler believes there is diversity in female experiences
