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theories regarding education Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the meaning of consensus approach?

A

emphasised positive role of education, 2 main roles of education

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2
Q

what are the two main roles of education (functionalists)

A

secondary socialisation and preparation for paid employment

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3
Q

who holds a consensus approach?

A

functionalists, new right and post modernists.

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4
Q

what is the meaning of conflict approach?

A

negative role of education, reproduces inequality

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5
Q

who holds a conflict approach?

A

marxists, neo marxists and feminists

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6
Q

who is the founder of functionalism?

A

Emile Durkheim- french sociologists

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7
Q

what is the organic analogy?

A

society is a body and each institution is a separate organ each with its own function. work together to form a functioning society

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8
Q

what 3 things do functionalists believe is needed for a good society?

A

social solidarity, equilibrium and value consensus

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9
Q

what is social solidarity?

A

working together, unified group, part of something bigger.

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10
Q

what is value consensus?

A

shared agreement, mutual understanding, shared norms

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10
Q

what is equilibrium?

A

social balance and evenness

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11
Q

how is social solidarity shown in schools?

A

attachment to the school, friendship groups, uniform, clubs, assembly, positive subcultures

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12
Q

how is value consensus shown in schools?

A

school goals and ethos, if a pupil doesn’t conform they will be negatively labelled, similar experience

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13
Q

how is equilibrium shown in schools?

A

rules, form tutors, national curriculum and equal opportunities

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13
Q

what did Durkheim argue? (functionalists)

A

society needs social solidarity, value consensus and equilibrium, education helps with this by transmitting norms, beliefs and values.

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13
Q

how does school help integrate pupils more closely? (functionalists)

A

national curriculum- shared educational experience.
regulation of members- clubs forms sets classes year groups

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14
Q

what does education act as? (functionalists)

A

‘a vehicle that develops the human resources of a nation.’

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14
Q

what does parsons see school as?

A

a vital source of secondary education- a bridge between family and society

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15
Q

davis and moore (functionalists)

A

education as preparation for work, link to stratification system- mimicking the class system

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16
Q

evaluation of the functionalist view

A

schools do not always promote social solidarity, some people have no friends, equal opportunities do not exist- gender, class and ethnicity

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16
Q

myth of meritocracy

A

8 private schools- 1310 Oxbridge pupils
2900 state schools- 1220 Oxbridge pupils

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16
Q

what is the new right’s key belief?

A

if the state aids us a little we will become dependant on them for everything- the state should not provide services such as healthcare, education or welfare

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17
Q

wrong- interactionalist

A

claims functionalists view students as puppets- fail to recognise anti school sc and other forms of resistance

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18
Q

who’s ideas do the new right build on?

A

neo liberal economic ideals

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19
Q

what does the new right promote in education?

A

competition and the ‘free market’

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19
Q

what do the new right believe about the value of education?

A

the value of education lies in how well it allows the country to perform on the global market place- this can be achieved through making schools more business like and competitive

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19
Q

the new right has influenced all governments especially…

A

the conservatives since 1979- thatcher

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20
Q

what are two important roles for the state in education?

A

frame work of schools and education- national curriculum. ensuring a shared culture is transmitted- value consensus ect

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21
Q

in what was is new right view similar to the functionalist view of education

A

some are more talented than others
favour meritocratic system
education should prepare you for work
push of british values

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21
Q

what is new vocationalism and why was it introduced?

A

reiliesd state had failed to produce pupils with values for the economy. range of vocational courses.

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22
Q

youth training scheme

A

YTS- provided skills for young unemployed school leavers, to make them more employable

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23
Q

marketisation (new right)

A

creates an education market, competition between schools, attracts ‘customers’ with their ‘product’.

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24
Q

why did the new right push marketisation?

A

they believed private schools attained better results as they were answerable to paying customers.

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25
Q

examples of marketisation in education

A

league tables and websites. prospectus

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26
Q

what is parentocracy?

A

empowering parents into becoming consumers of education. greater power in education

27
Q

what came before parentocracy?

A

power was held by LEA’s

28
Q

why was parentocracy introduced?

A

it was thought it would bring about more diversity and choice

29
Q

criticisms of the new right theory on education

A

problems are not a result of state control but of lack of state funding.

30
Q

what do ball and gerwitz argue about competition?

A

competition id more likely to benefit mc as they have more economic and cultural capital

31
Q

marxist critique of new right view

A

education doesn’t impose a shared culture, but the dominant one. devalues culture of wc- symbolic violence

32
Q

what do marxists critique?

A

industrial capitalism, money for money’s sake

33
Q

examples of consumerist companies

A

apple. microsoft. amazon. tesla

34
Q

bourgeoisie

A

minority ruling class

35
Q

prolateriat

A

majority working class, more workers than jobs- only possession is their skills

36
Q

the bourgeoisie and proletariat are in an interdependent relationship

A
37
Q

all of our knowledge about communism comes from capitalist sources

A
38
Q

marx’s utopian state is one of communism

A
39
Q

media is controlled by capitalists

A

elon musk- twitter
rupert murdoch- newspapers

40
Q

7% of the population are at a private school

A
41
Q

what do marxists believe the education system is based on?

A

based on class division and exploitation

42
Q

what does Althusser believe?

A

2 key apparatus, repressive and ideological state apparatus

43
Q

repressive state apparatus

A

physical force. police and army. maintain bourgeoisie rule

44
Q

ideological state aparatus

A

controlling people’s views beliefs, values and more. more relevant. unseen. propaganda

45
Q

how is the ISA supported by the education system

A

reproduces and legitimises class inequality, false class conscience, myth of meritocracy

46
Q

what do bowles and gintis believe

A

education perpetuates social relationships in economic life. eg relationships of domination and subordination. through the hidden curriculum

47
Q

what is the hidden curriculum

A

unofficial learning- rules, attendance and behaviour

48
Q

what is the correspondence principle

A

education aims to produce an obedient workforce- through mirroring the work place in education

49
Q

examples of the correspondence principle

A

fragmentation of knowledge- taught differently depending on sets
motivation by external awards over love of subject of job

50
Q

marxists believe the education system is a ‘giant myth making machine’ as it promotes the myth of meritocracy

A
51
Q

what do marxisists critique about the education system

A

individualises failure
and blames poverty on the individual rather than the capitalist society
stamping workers down

52
Q

criticisms of marxism

A

education system is useful and can provide meritocracy
can open doors and provide opportunities
not all pupils are passive
some pupils love learning

53
Q

what is the basis of neo marxist theory

A

they believe that we are all social actors playing roles

54
Q

how do neo marxists carry out research

A

small scale, in depth research and observation

55
Q

willis

A

anti school subcultures, education props up capitalism, myth of meritocracy, resists the idea of pupils being passive

56
Q

willis study

A

qualitive study of 12 WC boys in their last year of school- why wc kids get wc jobs

57
Q

what is structural sociology

A

top down, marxist sociology, we are puppets of society

58
Q

what is interpretive sociology

A

bottom up, we are society

59
Q

what do all marxists accept

A

capitalism cannot function without a willingly exploited workforce

60
Q

there are similarities between WC culture and the shop floor

A
61
Q

wc boys typically reject educational success and label it as feminine

A
62
Q

what do post modernists argue about marxism

A

it’s outdated- they believe we have gone beyond modernism

63
Q

what does post fordism require?

A

creativity, self supervision, self management and skill

64
Q

what do postmodernists believe education reproduces

A

believe education reproduces diversity not inequality

65
Q

when is postmodernism thought to be

A

70’s to now

66
Q

critique of post modernism

A

marxists say post fordism leads to lower than WC conditions and exploitation

67
Q

what do postmodernists value

A

creativity and self sufficiency

68
Q

how does the education system show postmodernist views

A

students have more rights and can challenge ideas- school council et

69
Q

what do feminists believe about the education system

A

reproduces and legitemisis gender inequality

70
Q

how does education support gender roles

A

through the hidden curriculum

71
Q

archer et al

A

ideal female pupil- MC quiet hard working

72
Q

GENDERED SUBJECT CHOICE

A
73
Q

critique of feminist view of education

A

white WC boys are the lowest achievers

73
Q

what do interactionalist focus on

A

the relationships and interactions of pupils and teachers and other pupils

73
Q

key interactionalist beliefs

A

social class gap is widened through education

74
Q

what do interactionalist look at

A

setting and streaming, labelling and self fulfilling prophecy

75
Q

Wrong 1961

A

pupils dont passively accept what they are taught- anti school subcultures

76
Q

criticisms of interactionalist theories

A

fails to recognise the institutions role in pupil identities

Sociology- education (3 decks)

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