Theories of Personality and Psychopathology

Question 1

is a theory
of the personality, a
method of investigation,
and a scientific discipline.

Answer 1

Psychoanalysis

Question 2

Founder of Classic

Psychoanalysi

Answer 2

Sigmund Freud

Question 3

Freud stipulated that for a technique to be psychoanalytic, it has to involve the principles of _________ and ________.

Answer 3

Transference and resistance

Question 4

Is the patient’s displacement onto the
analyst of early wishes and feelings toward
other people

Answer 4

Transference

Question 5

Freud originally identified ________ when
he asked his patients to use the technique
of free association.

Answer 5

resistance

Question 6

__________ is a subjective
phenomenon whose content can be
communicated only by means of
language or behavior.

Answer 6

Consciousness

Question 7

Freud assumed that consciousness
employed a form of neutralized psychic
energy that he referred to as _____________.

Answer 7

attention cathexis

Question 8

Part of the mind in which perceptions
coming from the outside world or from
which the body or mind are brought
into awareness.

Answer 8

Consciousness

Question 9

Is composed of those mental 
events, processes, and contents 
capable of being brought into 
conscious awareness by the act 
of focusing attention.

Answer 9

Preconscious

Question 10

The ________ also serves to maintain
the repressive barrier and to censor
unacceptable wishes and desires.

Answer 10

preconscious

Question 11

Its mental contents and 
processes are kept from 
conscious awareness through 
the force of censorship or 
repression.

Answer 11

Unconscious

Question 12

is closely

related to instinctual drives.

Answer 12

Unconscious

Question 13

The content of the _______
is limited to wishes seeking
fulfillment.

Answer 13

unconscious

Question 14

The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is 
characterized by primary process 
thinking, which has as its principal 
aim the facilitation of wish 
fu l f i l l m e n t a n d i n s t i n c t u a l 
discharge.

Answer 14

unconscious system

Question 15

It is governed by the pleasure 
principle and therefore disregards 
logical connections, has no concept 
of time, represents wishes as 
fulfillments, permits contradictions 
to exist simultaneously, and denies 
the existence of negatives.

Answer 15

unconscious system

Question 16

Memories in the unconscious have been divorced
from their connection with verbal symbols.
Hence, when words are reapplied to forgotten
memory traits, as in psychoanalytic treatment,
the __________ allows the memories to
reach consciousness again.

Answer 16

verbal recathexis

Question 17

The three provinces of structural theory of mind:

Answer 17

ID
Ego
Superego

Question 18

Term to refer to a reservoir of unorganized

instinctual drives.

Answer 18

Id

Question 19

Operating under the domination of the primary
process, the ______ lacks the capacity to delay or
modify the instinctual drives with which an infant
is born.

Answer 19

id

Question 20

The ______ should not be viewed as synonymous with
the unconscious because both the ego and
superego have unconscious components

Answer 20

id

Question 21

The _____ spans all three topographic
dimensions of conscious, preconscious, and
unconscious.

Answer 21

ego

Question 22

Defense mechanisms reside in the

unconscious domain of the ______.

Answer 22

ego

Question 23

The ______ is the executive organ of the
psyche and controls motility, perception,
contact with reality, and, through the
mechanisms of defense available to it, the
delay and modulation of drive expression.

Answer 23

ego

Question 24

Freud believed that the modification of the
______ occurs as a result of the impact of the
external world on the drives

Answer 24

id

Question 25

The ego ideal is often regarded as a | component of the _______.

Answer 25

superego

Question 26

It is an agency that prescribes what a person should do according to internalized standards and values.

Answer 26

Ego

Question 27

is an agency of moral conscience that proscribes ( dictates what a person should not do).

Answer 27

Superego

Question 28

avoiding the awareness of some painful | aspect of reality by negating sensory data.

Answer 28

Denial

Question 29

grossly reshaping external reality to suit inner needs (including unrealistic megalomanic beliefs, hallucinations, wishfulfilling delusions) and using sustained feelings of delusional superiority or entitlement

Answer 29

Distortion

Question 30

perceiving and reacting to unacceptable inner impulses and their derivatives as though they were outside the self.

Answer 30

Projection

Question 31

expressing an unconscious wish or impulse through action to avoid being conscious of an accompanying affect

Answer 31

Acting out

Question 32

temporarily or transiently inhibiting | thinking

Answer 32

Blocking

Question 33

exaggerating or overemphasizing an illness for the purpose of evasion and regression.

Answer 33

Hypochondriasis

Question 34

internalizing the qualities of an | object.

Answer 34

introjection

Question 35

expressing aggression toward others indirectly through passivity, masochism, and turning against the self.

Answer 35

Passive-aggressive behavior

Question 36

attempting to return to an earlier libidinal phase of functioning to avoid the tension and conflict evoked at the present level of development.

Answer 36

Regression

Question 37

indulging in autistic retreat in order to resolve conflict and to obtain gratification.

Answer 37

schizoid fantasy

Question 38

converting psychic derivatives into bodily symptoms and tending to react with somatic manifestations, rather than psychic manifestations.

Answer 38

Somatization

Question 39

attempting to manage or regulate events or objects in the environment to minimize anxiety and to resolve inner conflicts.

Answer 39

controlling

Question 40

shifting an emotion or drive cathexis from one idea or object to another that resembles the original in some aspect or quality

Answer 40

displacement

Question 41

tending to perceive in the external world and in external objects elements of one’s own personality, including instinctual impulses, conflicts, moods, attitudes, and styles of thinking.

Answer 41

externalization

Question 42

consciously limiting or renouncing some ego functions, alone or in combination, to evade anxiety arising out of conflict with instinctual impulses, the superego, or environmental forces or figures.

Answer 42

Inhibition

Question 43

excessively using intellectual process to avoid affective expression or experience.

Answer 43

intellectualization

Question 44

splitting or separating an idea from the | affect that accompanies it but is repressed.

Answer 44

isolation

Question 45

offering rational explanations in an attempt to justify attitudes, beliefs, or behavior that may otherwise be unacceptable.

Answer 45

rationalization

Question 46

temporarily but drastically modifying a person’s character or one’s sense of personal identity to avoid emotional distress.

Answer 46

dissociation

Question 47

transforming an | unacceptable impulse into its opposite

Answer 47

reaction formation

Question 48

expelling or withholding from | consciousness an idea or feeling.

Answer 48

repression

Question 49

``` endowing an object or function with sexual significance that it did not previously have or possessed to a smaller degree in order to ward off anxieties associated with prohibited impulses or their derivatives ```

Answer 49

sexualization

Question 50

using constructive and instinctually gratifying service to others to undergo a vicarious experience.

Answer 50

altruism

Question 51

realistically anticipating or | planning for future inner discomfort

Answer 51

anticipation

Question 52

eliminating the pleasurable | effects of experiences.

Answer 52

asceticism

Question 53

using comedy to overtly express feelings and thoughts without personal discomfort or immobilization and without producing an unpleasant effect on others.

Answer 53

humor

Question 54

achieving impulse gratification and the retention of goals but altering a socially objectionable aim or object to a socially acceptable one

Answer 54

sublimation

Question 55

consciously or semiconsciously postponing attention to a conscious impulse or conflict

Answer 55

suppression

Question 56

___________ was a psychoanalyst who created an original and highly influential theory of psychological development and crisis occurring in periods that extended across the entire life cycle

Answer 56

Erik Erikson

Question 57

Erikson's formulations were based on the concept of _______, a term borrowed from embryology.

Answer 57

epigenesis

Question 58

According to the __________, if successful resolution of a particular stage does not occur, all subsequent stages reflect that failure in the form of physical, c o g n i t i v e , s o c i a l , o r e m o t i o n a l maladjustment.

Answer 58

epigenetic model

Question 59

______ is the disguised fulfillment of an unconscious childhood wish that is not readily accessible to conscious awareness in waking life.

Answer 59

Dream

Question 60

refers to what is recalled | by the dreamer

Answer 60

manifest content

Question 61

involves the unconscious thoughts and wishes that threaten to awaken the dreamer.

Answer 61

latent content

Question 62

Several unconscious impulses, wishes, or feelings can be combined and attached to one manifest dream image

Answer 62

condensation

Question 63

The energy or intensity associated with one object is diverted to a substitute object that is associatively related but more acceptable to the dreamer’s ego.

Answer 63

displacement

Question 64

_______, a special instance of displacement, involves the attribution of the dreamer’s own unacceptable impulses or wishes to another character in the dream.

Answer 64

Projection