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NEURO-PSYCH > Theories of Personality and Psychopathology > Flashcards

Theories of Personality and Psychopathology Flashcards

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1
Q

is a theory
of the personality, a
method of investigation,
and a scientific discipline.

A

Psychoanalysis

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2
Q

Founder of Classic

Psychoanalysi

A

Sigmund Freud

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3
Q

Freud stipulated that for a technique to be psychoanalytic, it has to involve the principles of _________ and ________.

A

Transference and resistance

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4
Q

Is the patient’s displacement onto the
analyst of early wishes and feelings toward
other people

A

Transference

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5
Q

Freud originally identified ________ when
he asked his patients to use the technique
of free association.

A

resistance

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6
Q

__________ is a subjective
phenomenon whose content can be
communicated only by means of
language or behavior.

A

Consciousness

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7
Q

Freud assumed that consciousness
employed a form of neutralized psychic
energy that he referred to as _____________.

A

attention cathexis

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8
Q

Part of the mind in which perceptions
coming from the outside world or from
which the body or mind are brought
into awareness.

A

Consciousness

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9
Q 
Is composed of those mental 
events, processes, and contents 
capable of being brought into 
conscious awareness by the act 
of focusing attention.
A

Preconscious

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10
Q

The ________ also serves to maintain
the repressive barrier and to censor
unacceptable wishes and desires.

A

preconscious

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11
Q 
Its mental contents and 
processes are kept from 
conscious awareness through 
the force of censorship or 
repression.
A

Unconscious

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12
Q

is closely

related to instinctual drives.

A

Unconscious

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13
Q

The content of the _______
is limited to wishes seeking
fulfillment.

A

unconscious

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14
Q 
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is 
characterized by primary process 
thinking, which has as its principal 
aim the facilitation of wish 
fu l f i l l m e n t a n d i n s t i n c t u a l 
discharge.
A

unconscious system

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15
Q 
It is governed by the pleasure 
principle and therefore disregards 
logical connections, has no concept 
of time, represents wishes as 
fulfillments, permits contradictions 
to exist simultaneously, and denies 
the existence of negatives.
A

unconscious system

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16
Q

Memories in the unconscious have been divorced
from their connection with verbal symbols.
Hence, when words are reapplied to forgotten
memory traits, as in psychoanalytic treatment,
the __________ allows the memories to
reach consciousness again.

A

verbal recathexis

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17
Q

The three provinces of structural theory of mind:

A

ID
Ego
Superego

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18
Q

Term to refer to a reservoir of unorganized

instinctual drives.

A

Id

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19
Q

Operating under the domination of the primary
process, the ______ lacks the capacity to delay or
modify the instinctual drives with which an infant
is born.

A

id

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20
Q

The ______ should not be viewed as synonymous with
the unconscious because both the ego and
superego have unconscious components

A

id

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21
Q

The _____ spans all three topographic
dimensions of conscious, preconscious, and
unconscious.

A

ego

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22
Q

Defense mechanisms reside in the

unconscious domain of the ______.

A

ego

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23
Q

The ______ is the executive organ of the
psyche and controls motility, perception,
contact with reality, and, through the
mechanisms of defense available to it, the
delay and modulation of drive expression.

A

ego

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24
Q

Freud believed that the modification of the
______ occurs as a result of the impact of the
external world on the drives

A

id

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25
Q

The ego ideal is often regarded as a

component of the _______.

A

superego

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26
Q

It is an agency that prescribes what a
person should do according to internalized
standards and values.

A

Ego

27
Q

is an agency of
moral conscience that proscribes ( dictates
what a person should not do).

A

Superego

28
Q

avoiding the awareness of some painful

aspect of reality by negating sensory data.

A

Denial

29
Q

grossly reshaping external reality to
suit inner needs (including unrealistic
megalomanic beliefs, hallucinations, wishfulfilling delusions) and using sustained feelings
of delusional superiority or entitlement

A

Distortion

30
Q

perceiving and reacting to
unacceptable inner impulses and their
derivatives as though they were outside
the self.

A

Projection

31
Q

expressing an unconscious wish or
impulse through action to avoid being conscious
of an accompanying affect

A

Acting out

32
Q

temporarily or transiently inhibiting

thinking

A

Blocking

33
Q

exaggerating or
overemphasizing an illness for the purpose of
evasion and regression.

A

Hypochondriasis

34
Q

internalizing the qualities of an

object.

A

introjection

35
Q

expressing
aggression toward others indirectly through
passivity, masochism, and turning against the self.

A

Passive-aggressive behavior

36
Q

attempting to return to an earlier
libidinal phase of functioning to avoid the tension
and conflict evoked at the present level of
development.

A

Regression

37
Q

indulging in autistic retreat
in order to resolve conflict and to obtain
gratification.

A

schizoid fantasy

38
Q

converting psychic derivatives
into bodily symptoms and tending to react
with somatic manifestations, rather than
psychic manifestations.

A

Somatization

39
Q

attempting to manage or
regulate events or objects in the
environment to minimize anxiety and to
resolve inner conflicts.

A

controlling

40
Q

shifting an emotion or drive
cathexis from one idea or object to another
that resembles the original in some aspect
or quality

A

displacement

41
Q

tending to perceive in the
external world and in external objects elements
of one’s own personality, including instinctual
impulses, conflicts, moods, attitudes, and styles
of thinking.

A

externalization

42
Q

consciously limiting or renouncing
some ego functions, alone or in combination, to
evade anxiety arising out of conflict with
instinctual impulses, the superego, or
environmental forces or figures.

A

Inhibition

43
Q

excessively using intellectual
process to avoid affective expression or
experience.

A

intellectualization

44
Q

splitting or separating an idea from the

affect that accompanies it but is repressed.

A

isolation

45
Q

offering rational explanations in
an attempt to justify attitudes, beliefs, or
behavior that may otherwise be unacceptable.

A

rationalization

46
Q

temporarily but drastically
modifying a person’s character or one’s
sense of personal identity to avoid
emotional distress.

A

dissociation

47
Q

transforming an

unacceptable impulse into its opposite

A

reaction formation

48
Q

expelling or withholding from

consciousness an idea or feeling.

A

repression

49
Q 
endowing an object or 
function with sexual significance that it did 
not previously have or possessed to a 
smaller degree in order to ward off 
anxieties associated with prohibited 
impulses or their derivatives
A

sexualization

50
Q

using constructive and
instinctually gratifying service to others to
undergo a vicarious experience.

A

altruism

51
Q

realistically anticipating or

planning for future inner discomfort

A

anticipation

52
Q

eliminating the pleasurable

effects of experiences.

A

asceticism

53
Q

using comedy to overtly express
feelings and thoughts without personal
discomfort or immobilization and without
producing an unpleasant effect on others.

A

humor

54
Q

achieving impulse gratification
and the retention of goals but altering a
socially objectionable aim or object to a
socially acceptable one

A

sublimation

55
Q

consciously or
semiconsciously postponing attention to a
conscious impulse or conflict

A

suppression

56
Q

___________ was a psychoanalyst who
created an original and highly influential
theory of psychological development and
crisis occurring in periods that extended
across the entire life cycle

A

Erik Erikson

57
Q

Erikson’s formulations were based on the
concept of _______, a term borrowed
from embryology.

A

epigenesis

58
Q

According to the __________, if
successful resolution of a particular stage
does not occur, all subsequent stages
reflect that failure in the form of physical,
c o g n i t i v e , s o c i a l , o r e m o t i o n a l
maladjustment.

A

epigenetic model

59
Q

______ is the disguised fulfillment of an
unconscious childhood wish that is not readily
accessible to conscious awareness in waking life.

A

Dream

60
Q

refers to what is recalled

by the dreamer

A

manifest content

61
Q

involves the unconscious
thoughts and wishes that threaten to awaken the
dreamer.

A

latent content

62
Q

Several unconscious impulses, wishes, or
feelings can be combined and attached to
one manifest dream image

A

condensation

63
Q

The energy or intensity associated with one
object is diverted to a substitute object that is
associatively related but more acceptable to the
dreamer’s ego.

A

displacement

64
Q

_______, a special instance of displacement, involves the
attribution of the dreamer’s own unacceptable impulses or
wishes to another character in the dream.

A

Projection

NEURO-PSYCH (6 decks)

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