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[PF] NORMAL SLEEP Flashcards

1
Q

Period of rest for the body and mind

A

Normal sleep

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2
Q

Volition and consciousness are in abeyance

A

Normal sleep

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3
Q

Bodily functions are partially suspended

A

Normal sleep

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4
Q

Described as a behavioral state

A

Normal sleep

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5
Q

Characteristic immobile posture

A

Normal sleep

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6
Q

Diminished but readily reversible sensitivity to external stimuli

A

Normal sleep

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7
Q

Functions of sleep

A
  1. restorative
  2. homeostatic function
  3. thermoregulation
  4. energy conservation
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8
Q

Composed of four stages

A

Non-rapid eye movement (NREM)

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9
Q

Most physiological functioning are markedly lower than in wakefulness

A

Non-rapid eye movement (NREM)

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10
Q

NREM sleep increases after exercise and starvation and may be associated with satisfying metabolic needs

A

Non-rapid eye movement (NREM)

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11
Q

Occurs 90 minutes after NREM sleep

A

Rapid eye movement (REM)

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12
Q

Many _____ episodes during the night

A

REM

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13
Q

There is a latency period of 90 minutes in normal adults

A

REM

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14
Q

Short latency period occurs in pathologic states

A

REM

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15
Q

Narcolepsy or depressive episodes

A

REM

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16
Q

Sleep scoring – sleep is measured in epochs of _______.

A

30 minutes

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17
Q

Test that detects electrical activity in brain using small flat metal discs (electrodes) attached to your scalp

A

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

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18
Q

On the premise that brain cells communicate via electrical impulses and are active all the time, even when asleep

A

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

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19
Q

This activity shows up as _______ on an EEG recording

A

wavy lines

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20
Q

It records rapid conjugate of eye movements that are identifying features of sleep

A

Electrooculagram (EOG)

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21
Q

No or few rapid eye movements in NREM sleep

A

Electrooculagram (EOG)

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22
Q

Presence of rapid eye movements

A

Electrooculagram (EOG)

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23
Q

Measures electrical activity of muscles at rest and during contraction

A

Electromyogram (EMG)

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24
Q

In sleep, EMG shows remarkable reduction in _______.

A

muscle tone

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25
Sleep is a peaceful state relative to waking
Non-rapid eye movement (NREM)
26
Pulse rate is slowed ____ beats per minute and regular in this period
5-10
27
Respiration _____, BP tends to be _____
slows; low
28
Resting muscle potential _____
low
29
Presence of episodic involuntary body movements
Non-rapid eye movement (NREM)
30
Penile erection is seldom
Non-rapid eye movement (NREM)
31
Blood flow to tissues, including cerebral flow, is ________
reduced
32
Deepest portion of sleep are ______ (deepest part of NREM)
Stages 3 and 4
33
Associated with unusual arousal characteristics
Stage 3 and 4
34
Occurs within _______ after onset of sleep
30 mins to 1 hour
35
When awakened at this stage, there will be:
Disorientation and disorganized thinking
36
Disorganization during arousal may result in:
1. Enuresis 2. Somnambulism 3. Nightmares, night terrors
37
Involuntary urination
Enuresis
38
Sleepwalking
Somnambulism
39
Polygraphic measures show irregular patterns that are sometimes close to aroused waking patterns
Rapid eye movement (REM)
40
REM is also termed ________ due to this pattern.
"Paradoxical sleep"
41
Pulse and respiration rates higher than in NREM (and often also waking)
Rapid eye movement (REM)
42
Increased blood pressure, brain oxygen, thermoregulation is altered
Rapid eye movement (REM)
43
Ventilatory response to increased CO2 is _______
depressed
44
Stroke or cardiac arrest usually happens in this stage
Rapid eye movement (REM)
45
Sleep regulation occurs in _______
brain stem
46
Destruction of _________ of the brain stem reduces sleep.
Dorsal raphe
47
Prevention of synthesis will reduce sleep
Serotonin
48
Serotonergic antidepressants for ________.
chronic insomnia
49
Norepinephrine-containing neurons with cell bodies located in _________ play an important role in controlling normal sleep pattern
locus ceruleus
50
Involved in production of REM sleep
Acetycholine
51
Disturbance in ___________ are associated with sleep changes in major depressive disorder
central cholinergic activity
52
Has an alerting effect
Dopamine
53
Drugs that increase dopamine levels in the brain produce ______ and _______.
arousal and wakefulness
54
Dopamine-blockers produce _______.
Drowsiness
55
marked disruptions of REM sleep
Depressed patients
56
Shortened REM latency ___________
(60 minutes or less)
57
Shift in REM distribution from last to first half of the night
Depressed patients
58
Reduce REM sleep, hence it is beneficial to | give to depressed patients
Antidepressants
59
increases REM sleep, produces depression
Reserpine
60
Anti hypersentive drug, side effect on long term use
Reserpine
61
Sleep disturbances characterized as reduced REM sleep and slow wave sleep
Dementia of Alzheimer’s type
62
Loss of cholinergic neurons in the ________ has been implicated as the cause of these changes
Basal forebrain
63
Secretion from the pineal gland is inhibited by light
Melatonin
64
__________ of hypothalamus may act as anatomical site of circadian pacemaker that regulates melatonin secretion
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
65
Old people may have only ______ of sleep
4-5 hours
66
Symptom of some psychiatric disorders
Hypersomnia
67
Good quality sleep must have both REM & NREM ______
(~3 hours)
68
Prolonged periods of ______ may lead to hallucinations, ego disorganization, and delusions
sleep deprivation
69
REM deprived patients may exhibit _____ & _____.
Irritability and lethargy
70
Short sleepers
6 hours
71
Long sleepers
9 hours
72
efficient, ambitious, socially adept, content
Short sleepers
73
more REM periods, may have vivid dreams
Long sleepers
74
Tend to be mildly depressed, anxious, and socially withdrawn
Long sleepers
75
The following affects sleep:
1. Daytime activities 2. State of the body 3. Mental state
76
Without external cues, body clock follows a _______ cycle
25-hour
77
External factors influencing sleep-wake patterns
Dark and light cycle Daily routine Meal periods
78
Sleep is influenced by biological rhythms
menstrual period
79
benign sleep disorder, brain wakes earlier than body
Sleep paralysis

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