Theories of learning movement skills

Question 1

Skinner’s rats

Answer 1

• if the rat hit a lever in the box food would be released
• rats learned hitting lever=food
• this is trail and error learning

Question 2

what is complete reinforcement?

Answer 2

• learning is faster when a reward is given on every occasion

Question 3

operant conditioning issues: the enjoyment of the activity being lost

Answer 3

• when someone gains a reward for an action they may do the action just to gain the reward, rather than doing it for the enjoyment of doing the action

Question 4

Thorndikes laws

Answer 4

• low of exercise
• law of effect
• law of readiness

Question 5

what is the law of exercise?

Answer 5

• repeating a skill mens repeating the S-R bonds so theyre more likely to strengthen them
• if the desired response occurs reinforcement is necessary

Question 6

what is the law of effect?

Answer 6

• if the response if followed by a satisfier then the S-R bond is strengthened
• if the response is followed by an annoyer, then the S-R bond is weakened
• pleasant outcomes= motivate performer to repeat the action

Question 7

what is the law of readiness?

Answer 7

• the performer must be mentally and physically able to complete the task effectively

Question 8

what is cognitive learning theory?

Answer 8

• concerned with thinking and understanding
• take into account environment, memories, previous and general understanding when learning
• Gestaltist theory

Question 9

what is gestaltist theory?

Answer 9

• think that we percieve objects as a whole, rather than a collection of parts

Question 10

what is social/ observational learning theory?

Answer 10

• personlaities are ceated through observing others behaviours and imitating them
• the higher the status of someone the more significant of a role model they are
• the more likely they are to be copied
• Banduras BoBo dolls

Question 11

the process of observational learning

Answer 11

• attention
• retention
• motor reproduction
• motivation

Question 12

Attention

Answer 12

• to imitate a demo, the performer must pay attention to the demo and focus on relevant cues
• the amount of attention being paid is influened by the status of the model

Question 13

Retention

Answer 13

• the observer must be able to remember the presented model

Question 14

Motor Reproduction

Answer 14

• must be physically able to replicate the skill being observed
• demos should be matched to the capabilities of the observer

Question 15

Motivation

Answer 15

• need to be motivated to want to replicate the model