Stages of learning, guidance and feedback Flashcards
1
Q
Stage 1: the cognitive stage
A
- lots of trail and error
- lots of reinforcement necessary
- when failing, they should understand why so they can avoid it next time
- to understand they will use demos and guidance
- relevant cues should be highlighted then recognised by the performer
2
Q
Stage 2: the associative stage
A
- associates the movements produced with the mental image
- learner becomes aware of more subtle and complex cues
- feedback occurs
- vast improvement in performance
- motor programmes are formed, but not ‘grooved’ automatically
3
Q
Stage 3: the autonomous stage
A
- movements almost automatic
- distractions are ignored
- motor programmes in LTM
-short reaction time - most only reach with simple movement patterns
- must continuously refer back to associative stage to ensure motor programmes are reinforced
4
Q
Verbal guidance
A
- describe the action and explain how to perform it
- hard to describe without demo so often useless to beginners
-effective for tactics and positional play
5
Q
Advantages of verbal guidance
A
- form of feedback that can reinforce good movements and identify errors
- can hold the attention and motivate the performer if done correctly and
6
Q
disadvantages of verbal guidance
A
- lead to ‘info overload’= distracted or confused
- guidance given could be inaccurate
7
Q
Visual guidance
A
- used in cognitive stage
- helps form mental image of the skill
- demos videos charts visual aids
-demo needs to be accurate to get the right image - focus on a few aspects to not get info overload
8
Q
advantages of visual guidance
A
- easy to create mental picture
-able to see the skill in diff stages - encourages observational learning
9
Q
disadvantages of visual guidance
A
- bad habits if demo is incorrect
- coach may not be able to show accurate demo
- representation may be unclear or skill production too quick so they cant follow it
10
Q
Manual guidance
A
- physical support for the performer by another person e.g. being held up in handstand position
11
Q
Mechanical guidance
A
- physical support from a mechanical device e.g. arm bands when swimming
12
Q
advantages of manual/ mechanical guidance
A
- give a sense of safety and help with confidence
- used to isolate a specific part of the skill to practice subroutines
- gain kineasthetic feel of movement
13
Q
disadvantages of manual/ mechanical guidance
A
- over-restrictive to performer who feels lack of control over movement
- lead to false sense of kineasthesis
- may become over reliant on support
14
Q
intrinsic feedback
A
- info for the performer that is internal from the sensory system
15
Q
advantages of intrinsic feedback
A
- occurs as the movement happens so movement corrected immediately
- dont have to rely on others, good for autonomous learners
