Theories of Forgetting Flashcards
Support for retroactive interference?
McGeogh and McDonald.
What do McG and McD support?
Retroactive interference.
Describe McG and McD.
Gave participants a list of 10 words to remember. Then, there were six conditions of other lists to learn, varying in similarity to the first list. They found that recall of the first list again was worse when the ppts had synonyms for their second list, as the new memories has disrupted the old ones.
Supporting evidence for proactive interference?
Keppel and Underwood.
What do K + U support?
Proactive interference.
Describe K + U.
Participants recalled 3-letter trigrams after increasing intervals. They counted backwards during the break to prevent rehearsal. When asked to recall, ppts tended to remember the trigrams that were said first.
Contradictory evidence for interference?
Tulving and Psotka.
What do Tulving and Psotka contradict?
Interference theory.
Describe Tulving and Psotka.
Gave ppts 5 lists of 24 words with implicit categories. Recall started at 70% for the first list and then dropped. When prompted by the categories, recall stayed at 70% across all lists.
What do Godden and Baddeley support?
Context-dependent forgetting.
Supporting evidence for context-dependent forgetting?
Godden and Baddeley.
Describe Godden and Baddeley.
Scuba divers were taught lists of words and asked to recall in one of four conditions. Learn on land and recall underwater, learn on land and recall on land, learn underwater and recall underwater, and learn underwater and recall on land. Recall was better when in the same environment as learning.
Supporting evidence for state-dependent forgetting?
Carter and Cassaday.
What do Carter and Cassaday support?
State-dependent forgetting.
Describe Carter and Cassaday.
Participants learned lists of words and were asked to recall in one of four conditions: learning either on a drug or not, and recalling either on a drug or not. Recall was better when in the same state.
Contradictory evidence of retrieval failure theory?
Godden and Baddeley’s variation.
What does Godden and Baddeley’s variation contradict?
Retrieval failure theory.
Describe Godden and Baddeley’s variation.
Replicated their original procedure, but instead of asking ppts to recall the lists, the ppts were shown words and were asked if they recognised them. Here, recognition was not effected by the participants’ environments.
